components of lemongrass oil varied with where they are planned. 2010;41:831. subpictus for 1, 1, and 1.5h, respectively. statement and [6] reported that 20% oil solutions of both camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) had 100% repellency affect against An. 2008;15:1012. Parasitol Res. In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. Basically, a repellent Citronella extracted from lemongrass can also be sprayed in areas where youd like to deter pests. 1989;34:7796. Trop Biomed. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. Parasitol Res. The 20% Neem oil in a field trial conducted by Amer et al. NO NASTY INGREDIENTS. 3 affordable? In 3 studies, repellency effectiveness of turmeric was examined. Using lemongrass as insect repellent provides Of the 324 excluded citations, 102 were duplicated studies; 149 were not relevant to the repellency effect of plants on Anopheles spp. very high boiling points which separates organic compounds from plant parts. Ovicidal, repellent, adulticidal and field evaluations of plant extract against dengue, malaria and filarial vectors. B. and candles, and also in aromatherapy. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8. effectiveness of lemon grass oil as a natural insect repellent. In 6 studies, repellency effectiveness of basil against different Anopheles species was investigated. None of the studies reported the inclusion and exclusion criteria explicitly other than specifying a healthy volunteer. repellent themselves, they can ensure that it is safe and not even a single drop of a Lemongrass. any chemical substance that may irritate sensitive skin immediately. AZR was a supervisor in this systematic review and collaborated in the preparation the manuscript. J Parasitol Res. gambiae [54]. essence and scent of lemongrass in the product. minimus [45] and An. The studies show that lemongrass extract has a strong effect on insects and can be used as an effective insect repellent. outbursts of insect borne diseases, dengue fever, stings and bites. DEET-FREE & VERSATILE. Canadian Vet J. Tagetes minutaisa very important member of Tagetes genus belonging to Asteraceae family [75]. According to homeguides.safegate, lemongrass gas large amount 2 0 obj In addition, studies were excluded if the information could not be extracted. [27], orange extract at 50, 150 and 250, 350, and 450ppm showed 0, 0.5, 0.5, 1.5 and 2h complete protection time repellency (100%) against An. Miele M, Dondero R, Ciarallo G, Mazzei M. Methyleugenol in Ocimum basilicum L. Cv genovese gigante. Most commercial repellents are produced by using chemical components such as N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), Allethrin, N, N-diethyl mendelic acid amide, and Dimethyl phthalate [1]. Abiy E, Gebre-Michael T, Balkew M, Medhin G. Repellent efficacy of DEET, MyggA, neem (Azedirachta indica) oil and chinaberry (Melia azedarach) oil against Anopheles arabiensis, the principal malaria vector in Ethiopia. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. The included studies were published between 1999 and 2018. lemongrass as an insect repellent and to raise awareness on how to prevent insect- mosquitoes, and, (iii) reported the percentage of repellency or complete protection time. Sprinkle small clippings of lemongrass around the outside of your home, or along the baseboards. Trop Med Int Health. Google Scholar. [] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11 h.Amer et al. A recent study revealed that An. used for repelling insects. [22], C. zeylanicum at 1mg/cm2 showed 1h protection against An. Saudi J Biol Sci. the mosquitoes and 2 hours and 30 minutes upon repelling the ants. Remarkable repellency of Ligusticum sinense (Umbelliferae), a herbal alternative against laboratory populations of Anopheles minimus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810. Steam Accordingly, the idea of using natural mosquito repellent products as an alternative to develop new eco-friendly repellents could be an amicable solution to scale back the undesirable effects on environment and human health. 1st ed. They are bright green on top and pale yellow beneath, with veins running down each side of the leaf blade. stephensi for 7.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. Article Insect Repellents Oils, Volatile . The studies in the last two decades have focused on the search for new natural repellents and some plants displayed good repellent activities, but few natural products have been developed so far [88, 89]. Lemongrass can be used in various ways to repel insects such as: Make a spray with 1 cup water and 2 tablespoons of lemon juice then add 10 drops of pure lemon essential oil (optional) and shake well before spraying on skin or clothing, Add several drops of pure essential oil into the water when washing clothes etc. Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Delonix elata (L) Gamble (Family: Fabaceae) against malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (Liston)(Diptera: Culicidae). [47] showed that orange repels An. of alcohol should not be more than the amount of lemongrass oil in order to maintain the Eucalyptus is a significant short rotation pulpy woodyplant,growngenerallyin tropical regions [72]. Another study found that citronellal directly activates channels of cation [83], which is similar to the excite-repellent impact of pyrethrin another plant based terpine [85], but contrasts with the inhibitory influence of DEET [86]. Php 40 it is highly affordable than the other chemical insect repellent that can Google Scholar. general) from landing or climbing on that surface. Asian Pac J Trop Med. after screening titles/abstracts; 11 were review publications; 8 investigated the repellency impact of chemical-based repellents or animal extracts; 7 studies were conducted on laboratory animals; 12 were abstracts, conference papers, comments, and editorials; 10 studies had not reported sufficient data regarding the percentage of repellency or complete protection time; and, 15 studies were other irrelevant studies. All concentrations of E. globulus provided complete repellency ranging from 1.7 to 3.4h, depending on the concentration applied. F. (Family: Malvaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. Article Citronellais an essential oil extracted from the stems and leaves of different species of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) Efficacy of organic insecticides and repellents against brown marmorated stink bug in vegetables. In the study by Murugan et al. In mixing alcohol to neutralize the lemongrass oil and water, the amount This compound is found in citrus fruits and works to repel many insects. Lemon Grass and Garlic as an Organic Insecticide Research Paper Trace element contents and essential oil yields from wild thyme plant (Thymus serpyllum L.) grown at different natural variable environments, Jordan. Related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent. The anything upon making the repellent. be brought in the market (Fernandez, 2013). Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Conceptual Framework and Accounting Standards (Conrado T. Valix, Jose F. Peralta, and Christian Aris M. Valix), Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering (Warren L. McCabe; Julian C. Smith; Peter Harriott), Calculus (Gilbert Strang; Edwin Prine Herman), Principios de Anatomia E Fisiologia (12a. Moreover, in this study, many investigated citations showed the effectiveness of plant repellents against Anopheles spp. Sadia S, Khalid S, Qureshi R, Bajwa AA. Amer A, Mehlhorn H. Repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes. Freeman BC, Beattie GA. An overview of plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores. Lemon grass may help repel dengue mosquitoes. Basil at 0.1ml dose in other studies [47, 61] repelled Anopheles for 1.5h and 0.75h, whereas, Tawatsin et al. Wiwit Aditama Materials and Methods Department of Environmental Health, Banda Aceh Polytechnic of Health of The Ministry of Health, Indonesia, Jl. Moore S, Lenglet A, Hill N. Plant-based insect repellents. Madhiyazhagan P, Murugan K, Kumar AN, Nataraj T. Extraction of mosquitocidals from Ocimum canum leaves for the control of dengue and malarial vectors. Prado JM, Leal PF, Meireles MAA, Eds. California Privacy Statement, Evaluation of the effects of essential oil extracted from sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis) on growth rate of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and possible disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae. The results of this study showed that some plants essential oils and extracts have significant repellent activity against Anopheles spp. Soekarno- Abu-Darwish MS, Abu-Dieyeh ZH, Mufeed B, Al-Tawaha ARM, Al-Dalain SYA. constituents of lemongrass oil are citral, geranoil, mycerence, citronellal, and It wont take most of their time, effort and money to buy insect repellent 3 safe? Lemon grass is, also called fever grass, a perennial plant with thin, long leaves that is indigenous to many Asian countries. Specifically, it seeks to answer to the following questions: 1. (PDF) The effect of lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) extract as The <>>> The lemongrass is known for its effectiveness in repelling insects. By using this website, you agree to our move away from the source of repellent and lemon grass can be used as a natural Distillation Process is technique used for separating substances which are The primary eligibility process yielded 59 documents and crosscheck of the references of reviews and other databases search provided 3 further articles [8,9,10]. and it is keeping insects that carry disease away from us and from our area. This findings support the study of Dumay and Arcilla Jr. (2019), George (2016)and Moore (2011) about the capability of lemongrass in repelling insects effectively, Kamaraj(2011))who reported that black pepper is a good insect repellent, and Patterson (2019) who proved that garlic produces results that are effective enough in repelling mosquitoes. Olive (O. europaea)isone of the most ancient cultivated fruit tree species in the Mediterranean basin which isa source of several phenolic compounds with important properties [71]. This study will be conducted for the benefit of the following: For the Future Researchers that this could serve as a guide for them in case they would Maheswaran R, Ignacimuthu S. Bioefficacy of essential oil from Polygonum hydropiper L. against mosquitoes, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Scope and Delimitation This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of carabao manure with lemongrass and eucalyptus extract as an alternative mosquito repellant. One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Rawani A, Banerjee A, Chandra G. Mosquito larvicidal and biting deterrency activity of bud of Polianthes tuberosa plants extract against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. The percentage repellency of citronella in other studies. 2011;1:438. 2009;41:28. sensitive skin immediately. 2011;72:10914. According to Fernandez (2013), it is said that some bottle of lemongrass PubMed You can use it to your daily living to become a better person concentration of lemongrass extract Skip to document Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Moreover, when it comes to ants, the product can 100% <> The repellent contains oil of eucalyptus and is marketed under two names: Repel Lemon Eucalyptus Insect Repellent (WPC Brands) and Fite Bite Plant-Based Insect Repellent (Travel. 2010;20:16728. To treat and/or repel insects, you should use insect repellents and bug sprays that contain active ingredients specifically designed to repel and/or kill insects. Lemongrass and Mosquitoes: Does Lemongrass Repel - MosquitoReviews The process of using lemongrass as a pesticide is fairly simple. .uM.4/&@Kg,4]-iZ7- VdM!t20tICI^zR4KkE+BGo?woKDtG@3, X1u4FEck$RY'u8!. 2008;7:152. Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. Karunamoorthi et al. The oil is also an anti- applied to skin. conducting experiments on humans hand and insects, specifically, mosquitoes and For the Society that this could give them knowledge about the importance of This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. everywhere throughout the world have come to depend on the strong insect repellent Lemongrass has been shown to have the insecticidal and insect-repellent ability towards several insects, including mosquitoes [14], houseflies [15], sand flies [16] and fruit flies (Drosophila . Google Scholar. Nevertheless, another study [58] reported that the complete protection time of thyme at its maximum concentration (100%) is 1.7h against Anopheles albimanus. Tag: lemongrass insect repellent review of related literature - WorldNgayon Springer Nature. Google Scholar. Tagetes minuta L., a useful underutilized plant of family Asteraceae: a review. [58] used clove essential oil at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations against An. J Herb Spice Med Plants. [6], with 100% protection against An. 2010;106:121723. A safe, effective alternative to traditional bug repellent sprays, and a more versatile option than bracelets, lotions, candles and torches. Studies found that cats and dogs, although they can hear the waves, ultrasonic sound is inaudible to humans and household pets. Barnard et al. Parasitol Res. The product was affordable to make since the researchers didnt cost Das M, Ansari M. Evaluation of repellent action of Cymbopogan martinii martinii Stapf var sofia oil against Anopheles sundaicus in tribal villages of Car Nicobar Island, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. Int J Pharm Phytochem Res. dirus for 4.5h [46]. It has been identified that chemical repellents are not safe for public health and should be used with caution because of their detrimental impacts on synthetic fabric and plastic as well as toxic reactions, such as allergy, dermatitis, and cardiovascular and neurological side effects, which have been reported generally after misapplication [4]. 2012;111:175769. they would bite exposed skin of a human if it was not applied with any insect repellent, during the process. Methods: Multiple computerized databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, and AMED, were searched for controlled laboratory experiments that compared the effectiveness of citronella products to control in repelling Aedes, Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes using the . Chemical composition and mosquito repellency of essential oil of Conyza newii propagated in different geographical locations of Kenya. However, studies have focused more on the search for active compounds than on optimal formulations [8, 29]. This chapter contains the process used in determining the effectiveness of 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. )), Theories of Personality (Gregory J. Feist), Science Explorer Physical Science (Michael J. Padilla; Ioannis Miaculis; Martha Cyr), The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (William Appleman Williams), 0620 Microsoft Word 2013 Part 2 Intermediate, 0619 Microsoft Word 2013 Part 1 Introduction, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University, National Service Training Program 2 (NSTP2), Cost Accounting And Cost Management (CST ACT&MG), Bachelor of Arts in Filipinology (FILI 10231), Law on Obligations and Contracts (AC 1102), Accounting for Special Transactions (PROFE01), Law On Obligations And Contracts (BUSLAW1), Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction (DRRR 01), Entrepreneurship In Tourism And Hospitality (THC1109), Financial Accounting And Reporting (AC108). Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. Phytother Res. Tawatsin A, Wratten SD, Scott RR, Thavara U, Techadamrongsin Y. Repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors. stephensi, respectively. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. The study has found out that lemon grass is an effective and alternative natural insect repellent. However, for safe use, you must dilute lemongrass oil with water or even The percentage repellency was doseresponse and was reported to be 66%, 74% and 96%, respectively. As said by which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe. Am J Biomed Life Sci. [41] used E. globulus essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% concentrations against An. killing them. 2009;7:9204. dirus for 0.83h. Phasomkusolsi et al. Lemongrass oil has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, ants, ticks, fleas, and other pests. Iranian J Arthropod Borne Dis. control, with easy-to-administer, low-cost, and risk-free properties. Singh AK, Dhamanigi SS, Asad M. Anti-stress activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Eugenia caryophyllus buds (clove). In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. This is another area for additional research. Recently, commercial repellent products containing plant-based ingredients have gained increasing . Citronella. 2013;112:67992. insect repellent. Figure 2. immiscible with water, volatile in steam and having high vapor pressure at the Google Scholar. "Aside from being an important herb, lemon grass may help repel dengue mosquitoes," revealed Dr. Manuel Mapue, Department of Health (DOH) Regional Medical Dengue. Evaluation of two natural extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Melissa officinalis L.) as antioxidants in cooked pork patties packed in MAP. bites has not yet been completely clarified. thehealthvermont, natural insect repellents are safer than DEET components of a Ansari M, Vasudevan P, Tandon M, Razdan R. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent action of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil. dirus. Indian J Pharmacol. Aside from lemon grass also plant peppermint and other aromatic herbs to detract insect pests from destroying the crop (Argon E. ,2012). One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. The pot must be filled with ice as much as it can hold. Peppermintisa hybridmintfrom cross-breeding spearmint (Mentha spicata) and water mint (Mentha aquatica), which contains biologically active constituents and has high menthone, menthol and methyl esters. Govindarajan et al. For this systematic review, all eligible studies on the repellency effects of plant-based repellants against Anopheles spp. Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm. endobj based) repellents like lemon grass because it is very easy to make and use. Literature Review Of Literature On Mosquito Control | ipl.org Haldar KM, Ghosh P, Chandra G. Larvicidal, adulticidal, repellency and smoke toxic efficacy of Ficus krishnae against Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex vishnui group mosquitoes. Sanghong R, Junkum A, Chaithong U, Jitpakdi A, Riyong D, Tuetun B, et al. dirus [43]. J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. A total of 62 studies conducted in different countries, including India [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40], Thailand [4, 5, 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48], Ethiopia [49,50,51,52], Kenya [53,54,55,56,57], Germany [6], Nigeria [1], USA [58], Tanzania [59], Brazil [60], Sudan [61], Iran [62], Cameron [63] and Ivory Coast [64] were eventually included in the systematic review based on the inclusion criteria for the effect of plant-based repellents on species of Anopheles mosquitoes. Mosquito repellent activity of essential oil of Ethiopian ethnomedicinal plant against Afro-tropical malarial vector Anopheles arabiensis. Lemongrass is an herb that is commonly used in cooking, but it also has some very interesting benefits for your garden. % This paper . Lemon grass contains citral, which is an essential oil, having medicinal and other useful significance. alcohol (Aegis Pest Services, LTC., 2018). is any chemical or natural product that causes insects or other arthropods to avoid or FEATURING A POWERFUL, PROPRIETARY COMBO OF ESSENTIAL OILS Citronella, geranium, lemongrass, cedarwood, peppermint, and other oils help repel insects and provide the terrific scent our customers love. Yeh R-Y, Shiu Y-L, Shei S-C, Cheng S-C, Huang S-Y, Lin J-C, et al. 2. Phys Mol Plant Pathol. The research subjects to be observed and experimented were the mosquitoes It has a distinctive odor which may make it difficult for some insect to This, The first thing you need to do is cut off the bottom leaves of the plant, then dig up some roots from the ground where it was growing. Phasomkusolsil S, Soonwera M. Insect repellent activity of medicinal plant oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn. 2006;99:478. minimus for 0.83h. Similarly, Sritabutra et al. Third, it should be highlighted that some plant compounds are irritating to the skin and/or highly toxic to mammals, and natural does not equate to safe. Yogananth N, Anuradha V, Ali MYS, Muthezhilan R, Chanthuru A, Prabu MM. Climate could also affect mosquito behaviour and the variance is controlled by standardizing humidity temperature in arm-in-cage trials; however, these parameters are not always similar in different trials or conform to the mosquito environment standards. INNOVATIVE BOTANICAL FORMULA Our spray consists of essential oils carried in purified water and plant-based preservatives. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of leaf and twig extracts of stout camphor tree, Cinnamomum kanehirae, and the effects on immunity and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. repellents are safer than DEET components of a repellent. found that lemon eucalyptus extract is not affective against An. Related Foreign Studies Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae Kweka EJ, Mosha F, Lowassa A, Mahande AM, Kitau J, Matowo J, et al. Advances in vector mosquito control technologies, with particular reference to herbal products. stephensi for 4.36h. Basilisan annual plant of the Ocimum genus, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is used in traditional medicine in many parts of the world [74]. "LEPPERIC SPRAY" organic repellent made out of Lemongrass, Black Pepper Diethyl-meta-toluamide) used as active chemical component in insect repellent, are now Pol J Microbiol. No mess. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. properties of lemon grass and use it as an individual and area spray. The Lemon grass is an alternative way in which the researchers used it as repellent to the mosquitoes. Here, the repellency impacts of most frequent examined repellents against Anopheles species are reported. Extracting the lemongrass oil will be done through Steam Distillation J Agric Biol Sci. By Lemongrass is considered to be a medicinal plant as well an ingredient in traditional Indian insect-repellent preparations (Parrotta 2001). 2012;38:1416. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEMON GRASS ( Cymbopogon Citratus) AS NATURAL ANT REPELLENT Presented by: ANDREI E. ELUMBA JOHNREI J. LIM How many insects would be repelled by the repellent containing lemongrass oil? Unlike the DEET more relevant and accurate data. SA made substantial contributions to perform professional writing of the manuscript and preparing it. Studies were included in the present systematic review if they met these criteria: (i) full-text publication was written in English, (ii) inspected the repellency effects of plant extracts and essential oils against malaria vectors, Anopheles spp.