Nach dem Krieg nahm Marion Freisler wieder ihren Geburtsnamen Russegger an, sie zog nach München und wollte von den Taten ihres Mannes nichts mehr wissen. In the novel Fatherland, which takes place in an alternate 1964 in which Nazi Germany won World War II, Freisler is mentioned as having survived until winter 1954, when he is killed by a maniac with a knife on the steps of the Berlin People's Court. Freisler later rejected any insinuation that he had ever co-operated with the Soviets, the ideological nemesis of Nazi Germany, but his subsequent career as a political official in Germany was overshadowed by rumours about his time as a "Commissar" with the "Reds".[7]. In 1933 he published a pamphlet calling for the legal prohibition of "mixed-blood" sexual intercourse, which met with expressions of public unease in the dying elements of the German free press and non-Nazi political classes and, at the time, lacked public authorization from the policy of the Nazi Party, which had only just obtained dictatorial control of the state. Freisler appears in fictionalised form in the 1947 Hans Fallada novel Every Man Dies Alone. Roland Freisler was born in Germany in 1893. 1914. aastal astus ta vabatahtlikuna sõjaväkke ja võttis osa Esimesest maailmasõjast. Roland Freisler (30. lokakuuta 1893 – 3. helmikuuta 1945) oli saksalainen juristi ja korkeassa asemassa ollut virkamies, joka toimi puheenjohtajana natsi-Saksan kansantuomioistuimessa.Kansantuomioistuin oli perustuslain ulkopuolella toiminut poliittinen elin, jossa tuomittiin erityisesti natsien vastustajia ja … [7][a], Another version of Freisler's death states that he was killed by a British bomb that came through the ceiling of his courtroom as he was trying to save two women, who survived the explosion. The session began at 11 AM. However, despite his talents and loyalty, Adolf Hitler never appointed him to any post beyond the legal system. He was known to be interested in Andrei Vyshinsky, the Chief Prosecutor of the Soviet purge trials, and had attended those show-trials to watch Vyshinsky's courtroom performances in a similar capacity in Moscow in 1938. Roland Freisler (1893–1945) Roland Freisler rose from small-town lawyer to chief judge, prosecutor and jury at the Nazi ... Born: October 30, 1893 Freisler, Roland, born 30-10-1893 in Celle, Niedersachsen. He joined the German Army and during the First World War he was captured by the Russian Army and was a prisoner of war. ), bio je prominentni i zloglasni nacistički sudac, a ranije odvjetnik za vrijeme Weimarske Republike.Freisler je postao Hitlerov Državni tajnik Ministarstva pravosuđa i predsjednik zloglasnog Volksgerichtshofa (Narodni sud), koji je bio izvan ustavnih ograničenja. Hitler bediende zich van een aantal getrouwen. In 1927, Karl Weinrich, a Nazi member of the Prussian Landtag along with Freisler, characterised his then reputation in the rapidly expanding Nazi movement in the late 1920s: "Rhetorically Freisler is equal to our best speakers, if not superior; particularly on the broad masses he has influence, but thinking people mostly reject him. The Bolshevik provisional authority which took over responsibility for Freisler's prisoner of war camp made use of him as a "Commissar" (as he was described by them in his repatriated prisoner of war paperwork in 1918) administratively organizing the camp's food supplies from 1917 to 1918. [7] A differing account stated that Freisler "was killed by a bomb fragment while trying to escape from his law court to the air-raid shelter," and "bled to death on the pavement outside the People's Court at Bellevuestrasse 15 in Berlin". Hitler had reportedly seen Freisler in action and specially requested that he be the man to preside over the activists trial. [4], On 20 August 1942, Hitler promoted Otto Georg Thierack to Reich Justice Minister, replacing the retiring Schlegelberger, and named Freisler to succeed Thierack as president of the People's Court (Volksgerichtshof). Roland Freisler. 03-02-1945, bomb-attack on the court building, age 51, Berlin. Freisler ordered the room evacuated, pausing only long enough to grab Schlabrendorff’s files. Roland Freisler (30 October 1893 – 3 February 1945) was a German Nazi jurist, judge, and politician who served as the State Secretary of the Reich Ministry of Justice from 1934 to 1942 and President of the People's Court from 1942 to 1945. Roland Freisler Roland Freisler * 30.10.1893, Celle / † 03.02.1945 Berlin SA-Brigadeführer [2] Whilst in the front-line with the 22nd Division, he was awarded the Iron Cross both 2nd and 1st Class for heroism in action. 1925-ben lépett be az NSDAP-ba. Roland Freisler (* 30. október 1893, Celle, Nemecká ríša - † 3. február 1945, Berlín, Nemecko) bol nemecký sudca, jeden z predstaviteľov nacistického Nemecka a … This court had jurisdiction over a broad array of political offences, including black marketeering, work slowdowns and defeatism. (roughly, "You really are a lousy piece of trash!"). )[8] In 1941 in a discussion at the "Führer Headquarters" about whom to appoint to replace Franz Gürtner, the Reich Justice Minister, who had died, Goebbels suggested Roland Freisler as an option; Hitler's reply, referring to Freisler's alleged "Red" past, was: "That old Bolshevik? Az 1917-es októberi orosz forradalom után a hadifogolytábor ellátásáért felelős komisszár lett, de élete végéig tagadta, hogy kommunista meggyőződésű is lett volna. [26] Freisler's body was found beneath the rubble still clutching the files he had stopped to retrieve. At one point Freisler yelled at Field Marshal Erwin von Witzleben, who was trying to hold up his trousers after having purposely been given old, oversized and beltless clothing, "You dirty old man, why do you keep fiddling with your trousers? He was responsible in his three years on the court for as many death sentences as all other senate sessions of the court combined in the court's existence between 1934 and 1945. U periodu nacizma, Freislerova karijera bila je na vrhuncu. The People's Court under Freisler's domination almost always sided with the prosecuting authority, to the point that being brought before it was tantamount to a capital charge. In October 1939, he introduced the concept of 'precocious juvenile criminal' in the "Juvenile Felons Decree". The footage taken shows Freisler drowning out Schwerin's weak and muted testimony, prompted by his concern over the Wehrmacht's ""numerous murders in Poland", by roaring at him in an exaggerated and theatrical manner, declaring "Sie sind ja ein schäbiger Lump!" He was a prominent ideologist of Nazism who influenced the Nazification of Germany's legal system as a jurist, and attended the Wannsee Conference which set in motion the Holocaust. - Berlin, 3. veljače 1945. It is implied that his death was actually caused by the Gestapo, to ensure that the Wannsee Conference and the Holocaust remained a secret. On his return to Germany he joined the German Communist Party. [22][23], Nearly all of the accused were sentenced to death by hanging, with some of the sentences being carried out within two hours of the verdict. After studying at university he became a lawyer. Marion Russegger wurde im Grab ihrer Eltern auf dem Waldfriedhof Dahlem am Hüttenweg in Berlin bestattet, wo auch Roland Freisler anonym beerdigt worden war. "Freisler" redirects here. Remer, Otto Ernst, born in Neubrandenburg on 18-08-1912, volunteered for military service in 1932 at the age of 20. Roland Freisler (30. října 1893, Celle – 3. února 1945 Berlín) byl německý soudce, jeden z vrcholných představitelů nacistické justice. [13], He strongly advocated the creation of laws to punish Rassenschande ("race defilement", the Nazi term for sexual relations between "Aryans" and "inferior races"), to be classed as "racial treason". The most common consensus for the judge’s death was that it was the middle of a trial for Fabian von Schlabrendorff , and once the sirens went off announcing a bomb raid, Judge Freisler adjourned court to run for cover. Seventy-four years ago on February 22, Sophie Scholl was sentenced to death by the notoriously delusional President of the Peoples' Court, Judge Roland Freisler. [4], He married Marion Russegger on 24 March 1928; the marriage produced two sons, Harald and Roland.[30]. This website makes use of cookies to ensure that the website works properly. Explore releases from Roland Freisler at Discogs. This was usually done in front of the mother of the child. Roland Freisler rose from small-town lawyer to chief judge, prosecutor and jury at the Nazi Ministry of Justice, where he oversaw thousands of trials of opponents--both real and imagined--of the Nazi regime. Military service: German Army (1914-20) Father: Julius Freisler (engineer, b. No! For other people with the surname Freisler or Freissler, see, Contribution to the Nazification of the law, Freisler's death saved Schlabrendorff, who after the war became a judge of the. He returned to Germany in 1919 to complete his law studies at the University of Jena, and qualified as a Doctor of Law in 1922. He was Secretary of State in the Prussian Ministry of Justice in 1933–1934, and in the Reich Ministry of Justice from 1934 to 1942. Roland Freisler was born on 30 October 1893 in Celle, Lower Saxony, the son of Julius Freisler (born 20 August 1862[1] in Klantendorf, Moravia), an engineer and teacher, and Charlotte Auguste Florentine Schwerdtfeger (born 30 April 1863 in Celle – died 20 March 1932 in Kassel). By using this website we assume that you agree with this. In February 1933, after Adolf Hitler had seized power over the German state, Freisler was appointed Director of the Prussian Ministry of Justice. Roland Freisler (lahir 30 Oktober 1893 – meninggal 3 Februari 1945 pada umur 51 tahun) adalah seorang yuris dan hakim Jerman Nazi. Cited by Wayne Geerling, see below in the Bibliography. [19], Freisler became notorious during this period for berating each member of the steady stream of defendants passing before him, in a personalized injudicial manner from the bench on their way to their deaths, often shouting and occasionally yelling at them – particularly in cases of resistance to the authority of the Nazi state – in an enraged, glaringly clarion but dramatically controlled harsh voice, using a mastery of the craft of artificially professional legal courtroom "performance". From 1924, he worked as a solicitor in Kassel, and was also elected as a city councillor as a member of the Völkisch-Sozialer Block ("People's Social Block"), an ultranationalist splinter party. Nevertheless, while some more conservative Nazi lawyers objected to the lack of precision with which a person could be defined as a "Jew," he argued that American judges were able to identify black people for purposes of laws in American states that prohibited "miscegenation" between black and white people, and laws that otherwise codified racial segregation, and, therefore, German laws could similarly target Jews even if the term "Jew" could not be given a precise legal definition.[15]. Its separate administrative existence beyond the ordinary judicial system increased its notoriety, and despite its judicial trappings it rapidly turned into an executive execution arm and psychological domestic terror weapon of Nazi Germany's totalitarian regime, in the tradition of a revolutionary tribunal rather than a court of law. [24] Government and Nazi Party buildings were hit, including the Reich Chancellery, the Gestapo headquarters, the Party Chancellery and the People's Court. "[25] Luise Jodl, then the wife of General Alfred Jodl, recounted more than 25 years later that she had been working at the Lützow Hospital when Freisler's body was brought in, and that a worker commented, "It is God's verdict." He was finally arrested by the Gestapo on June 3, 1943, and condemned to death by Roland Freisler. Roland Freisler (30 October 1893 – 3 February 1945) was a jurist and judge of Nazi Germany. [4][20], In 1943, Freisler punished several members of the White Rose resistance group the Gestapo had brought before him by ordering their executions by beheading by the guillotine (Fallbeil). Als einer der 15 Teilnehmer an der Wannseekonferenz gehörte er zu den maßgeblichen Verantwortlichen für die Organisation des Holocaust. Ia juga merupakan hadirin di Konferensi Wannsee pada 1942, yang menghasilkan Holocaust. [4] He saw active service in the German Imperial Army during the war after enlisting as an officer cadet in 1914 with the Ober-Elsässisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr.167 in Kassel,[5] and by 1915 he was a lieutenant. This article has been rated as Start-Class Comments. (Oswald Freisler died, allegedly by committing suicide, in 1939. It also led to a clash with his superior Franz Gürtner,[16] but Freisler's ideological views reflected things to come, as was shown by the enactment of the Nuremberg Laws within two years. Brigadeführer and Jurist of proces, Hans and Sophie Scholl and the 20th July plot victims. Sievers was posthumously exonerated in 1996, and is today — and on January 17th in particular — an honored martyr for German humanist, atheist, and freethinker groups. 20 July 1944 plot—Trials before the People's Court (Volksgerichtshof) -- YouTube video in German—Shows Roland Freisler in action: This page was last edited on 21 January 2021, at 17:25. [10] He joined the Nazi Party in July 1925 as Member #9679,[7] and gained authority immediately within the organisation by using his legal training to defend members of it who were regularly facing prosecutions for acts of political violence. The number of death sentences rose sharply under Freisler's rule. [12] In this document he argued that "racially foreign, racially degenerate, racially incurable or seriously defective juveniles" should be sent to juvenile centres or correctional education centres and segregated from those who are "German and racially valuable". Freisler, Roland, born 30-10-1893 in Celle, Niedersachsen, the son of an engineer, saw active service during World War I. Roland Freisler (30 October 1893 – 3 February 1945) was a German Nazi jurist, judge, and politician who served as the State Secretary of the Reich Ministry of Justice from 1934 to 1942 and President of the People's Court from 1942 to 1945. [14] Freisler considered American Jim Crow racist legislation "primitive" for failing to provide a legal definition of the term black or negro person. He was an officer cadet in 1914, and by 1915 he was a Lieutenant and won the Iron Cross of both classes. Roland Freisler (30 October 1893 – 3 February 1945) was a prominent and notorious Nazi lawyer and judge. [4] He acted as prosecutor, judge and jury all in one, and also as his own recorder, thereby controlling the record of the written grounds for the sentences that he passed[citation needed]. He was State Secretary of the Reich Ministry of Justice, and President of the People's Court. [18][additional citation(s) needed]. [5] In October 1915, he was wounded in action on the Eastern Front and taken prisoner of war by Russian forces. "Drei Todesurteile pro Tag" (Three death sentences per day), 'Freisler, Political Soldier,' 'Der Spiegel' 23.9.1968, review of 'Judge in a Red Robe - Freisler, President of the People's Court' by Gert Buchheit (Pub. Ein Hoch auf Roland Freisler, diesen dem Gesetz dienenden Richter. 1915. aastal langes ta Idarindel Vene vägede kätte vangi. He justified the new concept with: "in times of war, breaches of loyalty and baseness cannot find any leniency and must be met with the full force of the law. By the time of the attack on Poland, in September 1939, he was an Oberleutnant in a Motorized Infantry Company, and went on to serve in the Balkans campaign, as well as in Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union. Roland Freisler (Celle, 30. listopada 1893. "Protecting the National Community From Juvenile Delinquency: Nazification of Juvenile Criminal Law in the Third Reich", a chapter from the author's dissertation. The trial began on August 7, 1944. [11]. If you can improve it, please do. Nazi Germany - 1944 - Judge Roland Freisler and his sham trials condemning those accused of plotting to assassinate Adolph Hitler. He was also an attendee at the Wannsee Conference in 1942, which set in motion the Holocaust. Headed the Reich Ministry of Justice. Roland Freisler (Celle, 1893. október 30. Notes from the Scholl's siblings and Christoph Probst's trial did not survive the war. Judge President of the People’s Court Roland Freisler in 1944. He was an officer cadet in 1914, and by 1915 he was a Lieutenant and won the Iron Cross of both classes. He published a paper entitled "Die rassebiologische Aufgabe bei der Neugestaltung des Jugendstrafrechts ("The racial-biological task involved in the reform of juvenile criminal law"). – Berlin, 1945. február 3.) náci jogász és bíró volt. Harcolt az első világháborúban, és orosz hadifogságba esett. Although the death penalty was abolished with the creation of the Federal Republic, he is also notable as defining murder in German law in 1941, which survives to date in the Strafgesetzbuch § 211. [4], On the morning of 3 February 1945, Freisler was conducting a Saturday session of the People's Court when United States Army Air Forces bombers attacked Berlin, led by the B-17 of USAAF Lt. Freisler looked to racist laws in the United States as a model for Nazi legislation targeting Jewish people in Germany. Roland Freisler (* 30. október 1893, Celle, Nemecká ríša - † 3. február 1945, Berlín, Nemecko) bol nemecký sudca, jeden z predstaviteľov nacistického Nemecka a účastník konferencie vo Wannsee.. Životopis. Tak ešte roku 1924 Roland Freisler obsadil kreslo v kasselskom mestskom parlamente za "Národovecko-sociálny blok". As the Party transitioned from a fringe political beer-hall and street fighting movement into a genuine political party, Freisler was elected to the Prussian Landtag, and later he became a Member of the Reichstag. The adoption of racial biological terminology into law portrayed juvenile criminality as 'parasitical', implying the need for harsher sentences to remedy it. [25] Among the files was that of Fabian von Schlabrendorff, a 20 July Plot member who was on trial that day and was facing execution. He was State Secretary of the Reich Ministry of Justice and President of the People's Court (Volksgerichtshof), which was set up outside constitutional authority.This court handled political actions against Hitler's dictatorial regime by conducting a series of show trials. AP dispatch from Stockholm, reprinted as "Berlin, Nerves Racked By Air Raids, Fears Russian Army Most,", Will, George F. , "Plot failed, but the spirit lived," reprinted in, Buchanan, William, "Nazi War Criminal's Widow Recalls Nuremberg,", Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers, Ulrich-Wilhelm Graf Schwerin von Schwanenfeld, Constitutional Court of the Federal Republic of Germany, "Digital Archives of the Regional Archives in Opava", Hitler's American Model: The United States and the Making of Nazi Race Law, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3qsImhAswo, "100th Bomb Group Foundation - Personnel - LT COL Robert ROSENTHAL", Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory, Ulrich Wilhelm Graf Schwerin von Schwanenfeld, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iQfW6hHWWuM, "The Top Secret Trial of the Third Reich, documentary", Newspaper clippings about Roland Freisler, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roland_Freisler&oldid=1001846894, World War I prisoners of war held by Russia, Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox officeholder with unknown parameters, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing additional references from May 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2016, Articles with dead external links from April 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Geerling, Wayne. Hearing the air raid sirens, Freisler hastily adjourned the court and ordered that the prisoners before him be taken to an air raid shelter, but stayed behind to gather files before leaving. When a Jewish baby cried and made too much noise,a Nazi soldier, would grab it by its feet, swing the body until its head hit the steel side of a truck or tank. Karl Roland Freisler (30. oktoober 1893 Celle – 3. veebruar 1945 Berliin) oli Saksa jurist ja kohtunik.. Roland Freisler oli pärit inseneri perekonnast. Shop for Vinyl, CDs and more from Roland Freisler at the Discogs Marketplace. Colonel Robert Rosenthal. Took part in the 1942 “Wannsee Conference”. [7] It is possible that, after the Russian prisoner of war camps were emptying in 1918, with their internees being repatriated to Germany after the Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers had been signed, Freisler for a brief period became attached in some way to the Red Guards, though this is not supported by any known documentary evidence. [2] He was baptized as a Protestant on 13 December 1893. Oswald had acted as a defence counsel against the regime's authority several times during the increasingly politically-driven trials by which the Nazis sought to enforce their tyrannical control of German society, and he had the habit of wearing his Nazi Party membership badge in court whilst doing so. That might have been because he was a lone figure, lacking support within the senior echelons of the Nazi hierarchy, but he had also been politically compromised by his brother, Oswald Freisler, also a lawyer. He was appointed President of the People's Court in 1942, overseeing the prosecution of notable political crimes as a judge, for which he became infamous for his aggressive personality, humiliation of defendants, and frequent sentencing with the death penalty. He chaired the First Senate of the People's Court wearing a blood scarlet judicial robe, in a hearing chamber bedecked with scarlet swastika-draped banners and a large black sculpted bust of Adolf Hitler's head upon a high pedestal behind his chair, opening each hearing session with the Nazi salute from the bench. [6], While a prisoner, Freisler learned to speak Russian and developed an interest in Marxism after the Russian Revolution had commenced. On the outbreak of World War II Freisler issued a legal "Decree against National Parasites" (September 1939) introducing the term perpetrator type, which was used in combination with another Nazi ideological term, parasite. [21], In August 1944, some of the arrested perpetrators of the failed assassination of Adolf Hitler were taken before Freisler for punishment. Freisler's mastery of legal texts, mental agility, dramatic courtroom verbal dexterity and verbal force, in combination with his zealous conversion to Nazi ideology, made him the most feared judge in Germany during the Third Reich, and the personification of Nazism in domestic law. Fabian von Schlabrendorff was "standing near Freisler when the latter met his end". Party Comrade Freisler is usable as only a speaker though and is unsuitable for any position of authority because of his unreliablity and moodiness." Bundesarchiv – CC-BY-SA 3.0. Birthplace: Celle, Lower Saxony Location of death: Berlin, Germany Cause of death: War Remains: Buried, Waldfriedhof Dahlem, Be. 1912. aastal lõpetas ta gümnaasiumi ning asus Jenas õigusteadust õppima. "[7][8], Freisler was a committed Nazi ideologist, and used his legal skills to adapt its theories into practical law-making and judicature. [9] In the late 1930s, during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge in the Soviet Union, Freisler attended the Moscow Trials to watch the proceedings against the condemned. "[28] His body was buried in the grave of his wife's family at the Waldfriedhof Dahlem Cemetery in Berlin. This "provided the legal basis for imposing the death penalty and penitentiary terms on juveniles for the first time in German legal history. Between 1942 and 1945, more than 5,000 death sentences were decreed by him, 2,600 of these through the court's First Senate, which Freisler controlled. The shift from cold, clinical interrogation to fits of screaming rage was designed to psychologically disarm, torment and humiliate those on trial, while discouraging any attempt on their part to defend or justify their actions. Paul List, 1968). "[17], On 20 January 1942 Freisler, representing the Reich Minister Franz Schlegelberger, attended the Wannsee Conference of senior governmental officials in a villa on the southwestern outskirts of Berlin to provide expert legal advice for the planning of the destruction of European Jewry. [8] Another possibility is that after the Russian Revolution the description "Commissar" was merely an administrative title given by the Bolshevik authority for anyone employed in an administrative post in the prison camps without the political connotations that the title later acquired. But he first stopped to grab the file on Schlabrendorff. It's entirely unclear what the last entry in 'Fictional Portrayals' means - apparently something in Dutch? Eén van de meest gruwelijke handlangers was Roland Freisler. The proceedings were filmed in order to be shown to the German public in cinema newsreels, and portray how Freisler ran his court; he would often alternate between questioning the defendants in an analytical manner, then suddenly launch into a furious verbal tirade, even going so far as to shout insults at the accused from the bench. Karl Roland Freisler war ein deutscher Jurist, dessen berufliche Karriere in der Weimarer Republik begann und im Verlauf der Diktatur des Nationalsozialismus zu ihrem Höhepunkt gelangte. "Sophie Scholl and the White Rose" - Annette Dumbach & Jud Newborn - 2018 -, Granberg, Jerje. Roland bol pohotový právnik s úžastným intelektom a rétorickým umom, no však on sám cítil, že nechce byť naveky len právnikom, ťahalo ho to do politiky.