Information about the Mauthausen Memorial . Mauthausen was one of the Nazis' worst exterminating concentration camps. View the list of all donors. The SS and police incarcerated the overwhelming majority of the Spanish Republicans, more than 7,000, in Mauthausen in 1940 and 1941; individual members of the anti-Franco forces continued to trickle in to the camp until the last weeks of the war. In 1940-1941, the guard unit, renamed SS Death's-Head Battalion (SS-Totenkopf-Sturmbann) and upgraded in strength to battalion size, was administratively subordinated to the Waffen SS, though the camp commandant still issued all operational orders to the battalion. May 1945. Those who were ill or ‘useless’ to the SS were in constant danger of their lives. The murderous working conditions that prevailed at these sites soon led to a dramatic rise in the number of victims. The prisoners were subjected to brutal treatment, were driven into electric fences and killed using petrol injections. By the end of 1938, Mauthausen held nearly 1,000 prisoners, still virtually all convicted criminals and asocials. Millions of people suffered and died or were killed. During this phase, Mauthausen and Gusen were the concentration camps with the harshest imprisonment conditions and the highest mortality. Some prisoners were in such a weakened state that many still died in the days and weeks after liberation. Nazi Germany incorporated Austria in the Anschluss of March 11-13, 1938. Farewell to Pavel Branko. Inmates worked in the quarries and armament factories with their bare hands, and the SS guards would kill … More background info: The concentration camp at Mauthausen was set up only months after the "Anschluss" (de facto annexation) of Hitler's original home country Austria by the German Third Reich in 1938. Political opponents and groups of people labelled as ‘criminal’ or ‘antisocial’ would be imprisoned here and forced to work in the granite quarries. In 1944 and 1945, Trawniki-trained guards (some of them veterans of Operation Reinhard deportation operations or killing centers), air force, and naval as well as other military personnel, and, later, municipal police (Schutzpolizei) personnel and firefighters, served in the SS Death's-Head Battalion at Mauthausen and its subcamps. Over time, it grew to encompass a number of sub-camps, such as Gusen Concentration Camp. The Mauthausen camp was the central camp (referred to as the “mother camp” by the SS guards) for all of Austria. The camp … On May 5 1945, units of the American 11th Armor Division liberated the main Mauthausen camp. Before the war, stone from here was used to pave the streets of Vienna. The former Mauthausen concentration camp. Their daily lives were shaped by hunger, arbitrary treatment and violence. Many people, most of whom were innocent of any crimes, were tortured to death in its rock quarry, and in the tunnels of Mauthausen-Gusen, the most infamous of the sub-camps. The Gusen branch camp officially went into operation in May 1940. At the end of April 1938, the SS founded a company, German Earth and Stone Works Inc. (Deutsche Erd- und Steinwerke, GmbH-DESt), to exploit the granite which they intended to extract with concentration camp labor. The location chosen was the town of Mauthausen on the Danube. Mauthausen concentration was camp created shortly after the Anschluss of Austria in March 1938 near an abandoned stone quarry about three miles from the town of Mauthausen in Upper Austria. With the arrival of more women in 1944, the Inspectorate of Concentration Camps classified … Museu d’Història de Catalunya. Between August 8, 1938, and liberation on May 5, 1945, some 195,000 persons of both sexes were imprisoned in these camps. Mauthausen's first commandant was SS Captain Albert Sauer, who presided over the establishment of the camp on August 1, 1938 and remained commandant until February 17, 1939. In the foreground, two Spanish inmates. The most convenient and cheap transport to get to Linz (a city of Adolf Hitler’s youth) is a train. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW Find the perfect Mauthausen Concentration Camp stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Forty-nine permanent subcamps, as well as some temporary ones that existed only for a few weeks, were administered from the Mauthausen camp. In 1938-1939, the 4th Regiment ("Ostmark") of the SS Death's-Head Units (SS-Totenkopfverbände) guarded the perimeter of the Mauthausen concentration camp as well as prisoner work detachments deployed outside the camp. Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. Between 1933 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its allies established more than 44,000 camps and other incarceration sites (including ghettos). In order to accommodate the prisoners where they worked, the SS established several subcamps. The Photographer Of Mauthausen 2018 TV-MA 1h 50m Military Dramas A Catalán prisoner at a Nazi concentration camp uses his office job to steal photo negatives of the atrocities committed there. As Allied and Soviet forces advanced into Germany, the SS evacuated concentration camps near the front lines to prevent the liberation of large numbers of prisoners. The "Memorial Book for the Dead of the Mauthausen Concentration Camp and its Subcamps" The Mauthausen Memorial. Collections … It was established in April 1938, shortly after Austria was annexed to Nazi Germany. Two weeks later, the National Socialist Gauleiter (regional head) of Upper Austria, August Eigruber, announced to an enthusiastic audience that his Gau would have the ‘distinction’ of building a concentration camp. Starting as a satellite of Dachau, in Germany, it Seventy years ago, on May 5, 1945, US troops liberated Mauthausen-Gusen, the hub of a large group of German concentration camps in Upper Austria, roughly 20 kilometers east of the city of Linz, on the river Danube. After the Nazi regime initiated World War II, the number of prisoners arriving in Mauthausen increased dramatically and broadened in diversity. List Type: Index; Individual document; Compiler: Yad Vashem. Index Date: Before Sep 1997. Mauthausen Concentration Camp or ’KZ Mauthausen’ was a vast Nazi concentration camp in northern Austria. There were a lot of slave laborers - up to 320,000 - and many were killed in various ways. Prisoners transporting stones on the "stairs of death", SS photo, between 1942 and 1944 (photo credits: NIOD, Amsterdam)On 8 August 1938 the SS transferred the first prisoners from the Dachau concentration camp. Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp grew to become a large group of Nazi concentration camps that was built around the villages of Mauthausen and Gusen in Upper Austria, roughly 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of the city of Linz. Among these sites was the Mauthausen camp. Mauthausen camp survivors cheer American soldiers soon after their liberation. Ebensee was a sub-camp of the main camp 'Mauthausen' near the town of the same name. [Mauthausen prisoner cards data] (ID: 20571) View all names in this list Search names within this list. Shortly thereafter, Reichsführer-SS (SS chief) Heinrich Himmler, SS General Oswald Pohl, the chief of the SS Administration and Business Offices, and SS General Theodor Eicke, the Inspector of Concentration Camps, inspected a site they thought suitable for the establishment of a concentration camp to incarcerate, as Upper Austrian Nazi Party district leader August Eigruber put it, “traitors to the people from all over Austria.” The site was on the bank of the Danube River, near the “Wiener Graben” stone quarry, which was owned by the city of Vienna. During this phase, the prisoners, who were all Germans and Austrians and all men, had to build their own camp and set up operations in the quarry. Mauthausen concentration daily trip from Vienna will include Vienna – Linz – Mauthausen village – Mauthausen concentration camp. Nazi Germany incorporated Austria in the Anschluss of March 11-13, 1938. Part of the underground complexes (Ang/Federal Archive). After the outbreak of war, people from across Europe were deported to Mauthausen, which gradually developed into a system of several interconnected camps. In 1940 and 1941, the average life expectancy was six months, and the average weight of prisoners in 1940–1942 was 40 kilograms (88 lb). If you cancel within 2 days of the scheduled departure, there is a 100 percent cancellation fee. Its history ran from the time of the Anschluss in 1938 to the beginning of May 1945. —US Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of National Archives and Records Administration. Mauthausen provided the slave labor that kept the Bergkristall factory humming along. Starved prisoners, nearly dead from hunger, pose in concentration camp in Ebensee, Austria. In 1941 the SS started to construct a gas chamber and other installations at Mauthausen for the systematic murder of large groups of people. In mid-April 1945 when the whole Mauthausen complex was in total chaos due to the mass evacuation from other concentration camps, cases of cannibalism were reported. More and more, Mauthausen itself became a camp were the sick and weak were sent to die. Overcrowding, lack of food and rampant disease led to mass death among the prisoners in the final months before liberation. More than 14,000 were Jewish. The Mauthausen concentration camp was one of the places where an ultra-brutal form of capitalism, peculiar to the Nazis, took shape. Liberated prisoners leaving the camp, May 1945 (photo credits: Collection Stephanie Soldner Sullivan)Towards the end of the war, the Mauthausen concentration camp became the destination for evacuations from camps near the front line. Review for 2020. 15,000 bodies were buried in mass graves. The Mauthausen camp was one of the most infamous in the entire Nazi alternate universe of human destruction. Guided tours, Workshops and Audioguide. Mauthausen Concentration Camp Day Trip from Vienna cancellation policy: If you cancel at least 7 days in advance of the scheduled departure, there is no cancellation fee. Mauthausen concentration camp photos, taken near Linz, Austria, is the focus of the photos … Overcrowding, lack of food and rampant disease led to mass death among the prisoners in … Credit: Yad VaShem. MAUTHAUSEN CONCENTRATION CAMP LOCATION. On May 16, 1938, work began in the quarry, initially employing thirty civilian workers. On 16 May 1938 work began in the quarry, initially employing thirty civilian workers. Among these Mauthausen had the most brutal … Testimonies by Survivors. Select from premium Mauthausen Concentration Camp of the highest quality. If you cancel between 3 and 6 day(s) in advance of the scheduled departure, there is a 50 percent cancellation fee. The policy of death through work was instituted by Chief of SS, Reichsfuhrer Heinrich Himmler. During the second half of the war the prisoners, who now included women for the first time, were increasingly used as forced labourers in the arms industry.