d. increased protection of the brain. glia b.) c. that a person is genetically male. Which of the following stimuli caused the reaction in the graph on the left? O They have extreme longevity. C) sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the head, body wall, and limbs and from receptors from the special senses of vision, hearing, taste, and smell to the CNS ce3z/(4zi)3dz. 1. b. 3 special characteristics of neurons. C) An inhibitory postsynaptic potential occurs if the inhibitory effect is greater than the excitatory, causing hyperpolarization of the membrane. c. Generate ATP. The cerebellum is located in the: Motor afferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. Preganglionic neurons are located in the brain stem and sacral segments of the spinal cord. A patient was admitted for depression. A scientist who wanted to determine how inflammation in the brain was occurring in a As you start working out, you notice that your heart rate and breathing rate start to increase. stem c.) muscles d.) osteocytes. a. Fill in the blank. b. Somatic Nervous System mastering a&p- chapter 11 (part of 12) EXAM 5, Anatomy & Physiology Test 2: Tissues & Integu, UTA Biol 2458- A&P 2 Aranda Test review 1, Mastering Homework Questions and Notes: Actio, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. b. ANS stimulation of involuntary effectors is always excitatory. Neurons can function optimally for over 100 years. your answer. The Quadratic Formula from Kinematics In this problem we show how the kinematic equations of motion can be used to derive the quadratic formula. C. cell body. Central Nervous System Learn about the neuron diagram, structure, and function. Identify the cell type below that assists the function of neurons and has a supportive role within the nervous system? Growing numbers of sodium channels appear spontaneously in the demyelinated fibers so that conduction resumes, even if slower. 1. The point where a motor neuron meets a muscle fiber is called the: What are the different classes of neurons and their functions? This is an example of: a. Multi-polar neurons b. Bipolar neurons c. Uni-polar neurons. O They conduct impulses. O They generate very fast O They are long when compared to other cells in the body O They help carry oxygen to different body parts O They do not have a nucleus. The former make connections from the spinal cord to the muscles. The sheath of Schwann is also called the ________. D) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. Just from looking down a microscope, however, it becomes very clear that not all neurons are the same. Name the parts that comprise the elbow joint. Tight junctions along blood vessels in the brain are formed by: 68. The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a (n) ________. Which of the following is not a characteristic of neurons? a. the hippocampus. a. midbrain. b. sulci. C) found in ganglia A. Myelin insulates neurons, keeping them at a high enough temperature to function well. Neurons and muscle cells are considered excitable tissues because they do what? D) stimulate the production of acetylcholine, Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? (a) can maintain ionic balance of extracellular environment for neurons (b) can take glucose from blood to provide to neurons to make ATP (c) can take up neurotransmitter from a synapse (d) can phag, Which of the following are characteristics of myelinated axons? c. preganglionic terminals. d. represent a general decline of autonomic nervous system activity. c. provide the defense for the CNS. B) anchor neurons to blood vessels a. tegmentum. 11. Just what does pass from the neuron to the muscle cells and, Which neuroglial cell type in the CNS is associated with many functions including support for neurons, forming a blood-brain barrier, secretion of neurotrophic factors, and uptake of K+ and neurotransmitters? As a component of the hyperdirect and indirect pathways, the STN is important for constraining movement, thought, and emotion through synaptic excitation of GABAergic basal ganglia output neurons. This may account for the cycles of relapse and remission in different patients. c. reticular formation. c. in the synapse. b. M3 Which nervous system was the drug most Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase. D. Skeletal muscles supports the weight of some internal organs. The pathogenesis of the sudden disruption of neurologic function is unknown; it probably involves dysregulation of the reticular activating system in . In myelinated axons the voltage-regulated sodium channels are concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier. Different types of neurons include sensory, motor, and interneurons, as well as structurally-based neurons, which include unipolar, multipolar, bipolar, and pseudo-unipolar neurons. a. Trigeminal nerve A) ion D) biogenic amine, A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called a(n) ________. c. The person may stop breathing. Aim: The Combining Mechanisms for Better Outcomes randomized controlled trial assessed the effectiveness of various spinal cord stimulation (SCS) modalities for chronic pain. These K+ ions decrease the positive ion concentration momentarily below the normal -70mV and thus hyperpolarize the cell. c. Cerebellum True or False, The action potential is caused by permeability changes in the plasma membrane. Which of the following statements regarding nervous tissue is not true? The term central nervous system refers to the ________. Which of the following lists the components found in a synapse? However, the resting membrane potential in three types of neurons was not significantly different in the present study; therefore the 5-HT . C. Afferent. What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called? All of the following describe functions for cerebrospinal fluid except: Select the correct statement regarding synapses. Damage to the hippocampus would likely cause impairments to long-term memory D) A single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium. channels open Influx of Na+ AP regenerated in Which of the following is not a special characteristic of neurons? According to the signal, carried by motor nerves to effector organs, the muscles and glands . They may live as long as the organism they are part of, and they have an exceptionally high metabolic rate, requiring large amounts of glucose and oxygen to produce ATP. In which area of the neuron is an action potential initially generated? a. B. Which of the following are true about neurons? What process does this interfere with and what would be the consequence? What are the possible responses? d. astrocytes form and maintain the blood-brain barrier. c. Dendrites and soma b. it provides a medium for nutrients to cells. B) provide the defense for the CNS D) control the chemical environment around neurons A toxin that destroyed the presynaptic terminal on an axon would likely: 7. A) act as a transmitting agent d. pituitary gland. D) Ions always move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until ________. d. Interneurons, 16. Oligodendrocytes form and maintain the blood-brain barrier. d. Extrapyramidal System. d . 34. A) Specific sodium gates will open. Write a paragraph describing the A) acetycholine d. frontal lobe. Both excitatory and inhibitory potentials impinge on neurons. Cold sores on the skin of the mouth occur when herpes simplex viruses that are dormant in neural ganglia become active and travel to the skin of the mouth. Neurotransmitter is released from presynaptic neurons through what mechanism? Explain why some forms of MS are characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation. c. the person had a past traumatic brain injury. b. medulla. Some neuroglia remove debris and foreign material from the nervous system. ependymal cells____ help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid: which of the following is an excitatory nerotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscles? b. a Mendelian disease. What do neurons synapse with? c. Proteoglycans c. genes. d. ventral root. What is the functional neuron type that is the most prevalent in the CNS? Enkephalins and endorphins are peptides that act like morphine. Neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell membrane and allows ions to diffuse across the membrane. a. Somatic Nervous System a. that a person will have a polymorphism. 1. a. messenger ribonucleic acid. d. reduce cortical arousal. The majority of these axonal knobs are shown to be "firing." Upper motor neurons are classified according to the pathways they travel in C. The Babinski response is not characteristic of paralysis from UMN lesions Estimate the mass of Hg vapor present in the type of long, thin fluorescent tubes used in offices. The concentration of __ is higher inside than outside the cell. c. they form an insulating material around axons. A) short distance hyperpolarization C) association neuron 63. Motor. This area is also known as the soma or perikaryon. A) They conduct impulses. They have high energy requirements (about 20 per. Treatment of pain with local anesthetics leads to an unfavorable decrease in general sensory acuity due to their indiscriminate block of both pain sensing . c. It is avascular. The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a (n) ________. d. hippocampus. The Macklis Lab is directed toward (1) understanding molecular controls and mechanisms over neuron sub-type development, diversity, axon guidance-circuit formation, and degeneration in the cerebral cortex, and (2) applying developmental controls toward brain and spinal cord regeneration and directed differentiation for in vitro therapeutic and mechanistic screening. All rights reserved. a. 72. a. Myelin insulates neurons, keeping them at a high enough temperature to function well. alternations to DNA sequences? A drug that caused someone to make a reckless decision might be affecting the: (a) They conduct impulses. a. Preganglionic neurons tend to be long, with the ganglion located in or near the effector target tissue(s). A person suffering from an inability to speak the word she intends to say, sometimes Neurons are the cells that make up the brain and the nervous system. A) innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract B) innervation of cardiac muscle C) innervation of skeletal muscle D . E) provide the defense for the CNS, Which of the choices below describes the ANS? The comparison demonstrates that the suggested controller closely tracks the reference voltage than the . All of the following describe the functions of astrocytes except: c. afferent neuron. a. synapses. B) synapse Schwann cells myelinate PNS axons. d. Neurogenetics. Which of the following is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters? a. basal ganglia Neurons are relatively small, simple-structured cells. The _________________ facilitates balance and the timing of movements. Which cell causes endothelial cells to fit closely together? copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. A. Myelin insulates neurons, keeping them at a high enough temperature to function well. b. cholinesterase. D) effector, What is the role of acetylcholinesterase? b. polymorphism. B) negatively charged and contains less sodium b. cause inattention. spindle fibres to divide the cell. b. transcription factors. c. medulla Multiple Choice. We studied the biochemical characteristics of dopaminergic (DA) neurons generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a PD . . b. the structure is closer to the midline of the brain. If a person ingested a substance that temporarily impaired the functioning of the C) innervation of glands Differentiate the actions and chemical messengers in the endocrine system from those in the nervous system. a. corpus callosum. c. decrease the activity of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons. The part of a neuron that sends neurotransmitters into a synapse is called a(n): 6. The basal ganglia act to stabilize voluntary movements. c. midbrain. B) They have extreme longevity. B) afferent neuron b. Microglial cells b. transcription factors. researcher would: D) Schwann cells, Schwann cells are functionally similar to ________. a. Functional genomics (1991) finds that the CA1 neuron exhibits trains of action potentials when a small current (< 1 nA) is applied to the soma, but a full calcium spike and burst followed by trains of action potentials when the same small current is applied to . A neuron is a cell that communicates with the brain. a. Which of the following describes the excitatory postsynaptic potential? Which of the following are functions of the CNS? c. ventricles. d) There, In order for skeletal muscle cells to contract, they must be excited by motor neurons. Question. It is composed of densely packed cells. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? likely true? d. tremor. Transcription factors increase or decrease gene transcription. 23 We detected neurons and extracted temporal components from the calcium imaging data (Figure 2 C) with the CNMF-E toolbox. True or False, A postsynaptic potential is a graded potential that is the result of a neurotransmitter released into the synapse between two neurons. a. parietal lobe. The greater the density of spines along dendrites, the greater a neuron's: 5. First, consider an object with an initial position x0x_0x0, an initial velocity v0v_0v0, and an acceleration aaa. A drug that increases appetite would likely affect: The midbrain contains the: d. oligodendrocytes fail to myelinate re-growing axons. b. the blood-brain barrier b. expect to find increased blood flow. a. polymorphisms. There are two well-characterized cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R and other candidates): the central nervous system (CNS) enriched CB1R and peripheral tissue enriched CB2R with a wide dynamic range of expression levels in different cell types of human tissues. In the presence of invading microbes, microglial cells become macrophages to phagocytize the microbes and neuronal debris. Motor neurons transmit the nerve impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles and glands). A stimulus traveling toward a synapse appears to open calcium ion channels at the presynaptic end, which in turn promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles to the axonal membrane. C) anchor neurons to blood vessels B) The release of neurotransmitter molecules gives cells the property of being electrically coupled. A neuron was found to originate in the hippocampus and terminate in the prefrontal cortex. 59. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the effects caused by binding of the neurotransmitter (green dots) to the structure labeled C? C. Skeletal muscles are responsible for the pumping action of the heart. Two subtypes of motor neurons have been identified: inferior and superior. Functions. d. Inhibited salvation. What type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways? It is concluded that motor and sensory axons have a different substrate preference at early postnatal stages but this difference is lost in the adult. Mountainside's local landscaping business totaled approximately $789,400 in sales for the year. They are the fundamental units that send and receive signals which allow us to move our muscles, feel the external world, think, form memories and much more. Which of the following is not true about the cerebral cortex? What parts of a neuron are completely contained within a ganglion? c. Myasthenia Gravis. 15. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Europe's communications systems? ________ are found in the CNS and bind axons and blood vessels to each other. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. A severe tremor in someone's hands could be caused by abnormal functioning in the: b. increasing glial scarring. 66. A. thow ion selectivity C. are gated A. b. that a person is genetically female. a. Pupil dilation a. meninges. D. axon hillock. c. Extrapyramidal System It also affects your cerebellum, the part of your brain that controls movement and balance. The neuronal membrane. d. cingulate cortex. From a historical standpoint, no other cell type has attracted as much attention or caused as much controversy as the nerve cell. c) Myelin traps sodium ions on the axon an. (d) All of these are characteristic of neurons. A) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands A) the membrane potential has been reestablished Which of the choices below describes the ANS? c) Neurons are the most abundant type of cell in nervous tissue. A) axon B) dendrite C) neurolemma DI) Schwann cell. Which of the following is correct? D) They can be called postsynaptic potentials. a) Myelinated axons transmit nerve impulses via continuous conduction. Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? D) moves membrane potential away from threshold. (a) hardened cells and neurons (b) neurons and supporting cells (c) chondrocytes and neurons (d) neuronocytes and smooth muscle cells. C) Sodium gates in the membrane can open in response to electrical potential changes. Serotonin is a biogenic amine neurotransmitter widely distributed in the brain, where it plays a role in emotional behavior and helps to regulate the biological clock. a. motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. 38. (c) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. B) cholinesterase Neurons synapse with: a. other neurons b. muscles c. glands d. all of these. A) sodium Diminished cerebral blood flow increases oxygen to neurons. The nucleus accumbens facilitates fear and aggression. 32. 2. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) coined by inflammation and neurodegeneration. Which of the following is the mechanism by which these viruses travel from the ganglia (located within the head . High mitotic rate B. A drug that inhibited the reticular activating system would most likely cause: During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative. a. e. guide the migration of young neurons, syna, Which describes the function of dendrites? nerve impulses) Need constant supply of nutrients and oxygen O All of the listed answer choices . a. Name two amino acid neurotransmitters, two catecholamines, and two peptides. a. receives input from sensory neurons b. directs activity of motor neurons that innervate muscles and glands c. contains association neurons within the brain and spinal cord d. conta, Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? C) microglia A substance that inhibits the activity of the cerebellum would be expected to: Then, underline the verb in parentheses that agrees with the subject. A. They are electrically excitable cells which generate action potentials. What are the different types of neurons in the ANS and where are they located? d. prefrontal cortex. D) generator potential. Which of the following describes the ANS? DI) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. Saltatory conduction is made possible by ________. a. Autonomic pathways consist of two types of motor neurons. c. a ventricle. nervous system? Neurons in the CNS are organized into functional groups. threshold Voltage-gated Na+ c. Astrocytes a. sodium b. chloride c. calcium d. potassium, A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is call a(n) _____. Answer: Option D is correct Explanation: Neurons generally do not e. What is the function of dendrites in a neuron? When one or more presynaptic neurons fire in rapid order it produces a much greater depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane than would result from a single EPSP; this event is called ________ summation. Neuroglia perform supportive functions in the brain. D. They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate., These cells in the CNS have cilia that move in order to circulate cerebrospinal fluid ________. Visual disturbances, paralysis, and weakness, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. Increased diameter results in increased surface area on the membrane for sodium channels. hippocampus, which of the following would most likely be the result? Which of the following is NOT characteristic of smooth muscle? 1 and Klioutchnikov et al. d. hypothalamus. Answer (1 of 3): So a neuron is a specialized cell in the brain with certain characteristics. b. cingulate cortex. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the ________. d. gyri. d. improve recovery from traumatic brain injury. What market share did Mountainside have? What does myelin do for neurons? In addition to diffusion, what are two other mechanisms that terminate neurotransmitter activity? described as having a word on the tip of your tongue, might have abnormal functioning in the: B) They can form on receptor endings. D) control the chemical environment around neurons 8. Unipolar neurons have axons structurally divided into peripheral and central processes, Neurons in the CNS are organized into functional groups, If bacteria invaded the CNS tissue, microglia would migrate to the area to engulf and destroy them, The nodes of Ranvier are found only on myelinated, peripheral neuron processes. Its structure is multipolar. a. Activation of preganglionic sympathetic neurons What symptoms would a nurse focus on in his or her care of a patient with multiple sclerosis? d. Cingulate cortex. The part of the neuron responsible for receiving, integrating, and sending nerve impulses is the A. dendrite. B) chloride likely to occur? An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is associated with ________. C ) brain and spinal cord. a. interneuron. Characteristics Of Neurons. b. the person has a disease that affects myelin around axons. When information is delivered within the CNS simultaneously by different parts of the neural pathway, the process is called ________ processing. Neurons are the basic functional units of the nervous system, and they generate electrical signals called action potentials, which allow them to quickly transmit information over long distances. Why does injection of a local anesthetic into a finger still cause a loss of the sensation of touch from the finger? capacity of divide via mitosis due to absence of centrosomes. A) nuclei Cedric S Raine. Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? Which of the following would be most likely to increase heart rate? She asks the nurse,"Why did this have to happen to me again? The structure that meets the spinal cord in the hindbrain is the: D) innervation of skeletal muscle, Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ________. a. cerebral aqueduct. A) positively charged and contains less sodium Specifically, combination therapy (simultaneous use of customized sub-perception field and paresthesia-based SCS) versus monotherapy (paresthesia-based SCS) was evaluated. c. Ganglia 14. Preganglionic neurons are short and synapse in ganglia located near the spinal cord. Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function? are crucial for the development of neural connections. 2.Motor. 1.Introduction. 1. A) senses changes in the environment d. Neurons. Briefly describe 6 effects this division has on the body. b. efferent neuron. See Page 1. c. The cerebral cortex includes the cerebellum. 57. b. 13. A substance that directly activates gene transcription is likely acting as a: a) axons b) dendrites c) Schwann cell d) cell body, Which of the following forms myelin in axons at PNS? What is the function of upper motor neurons? b. Axon and soma B) called neuroglial cells C) acetylcholine Melatonin is released from the: b. sympathetic nervous system. If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon ________. B) Ions always move passively across membranes. Neurons are a type of cell and are part of the nervous system. D) the impulse would move to the axon terminal only, and the muscle contraction would occur, Which of the following neurotransmitters inhibits pain and is mimicked by morphine, heroin, and methadone? d. The blood-brain barrier, 17. What is the long outgrowth of a neuron along which electrical impulses are transmitted? How can a single axon respond to several different kinds of events? A) Cells with gap junctions use chemical synapses. A postsynaptic potential is a graded potential that is the result of a neurotransmitter released into the synapse between two neurons. 3. The resting membrane potential is maintained by Na+-K+ pumps that actively transport __ into and ___ out of the cell. A) postsynaptic potential c. interneurons make inhibitory connections with damaged neurons. What is the role of microglial cells and why are they so important in the CNS? a. c. Activation of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons Motor has two divisions: the somatic and autonomic. 33. a. extrapyramidal motor system. 53. b. Interneurons. B) nerves All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. 8. a. temporal lobe. c. a Mendelian disease. Ans: they are mitotic Unli . B) Specific potassium gates will open. Identify the following: Acetylcholinesterase would be found in the synapse between neurons for this branch of the ANS and the effector cells. c. basal ganglia. Just what does pass from the neurons to the muscle c. Neurons are specialized cells that can do which of the following that most other cells cannot do? innervation of glands. Which of the following is not true of graded potentials? 64. d. ribosome transcription. ________ potentials are short-lived, local changes in membrane potential that can be either depolarized or hyperpolarized. All preganglionic neurons in the ANS are cholinergic. A) resting period a. ribosomes. A) efferent neuron Which of the following is correct? c. sleepiness. B) hyperpolarization a. Oligodendrocytes A Pyrex container is completely filled with 275cm3275 \mathrm{~cm}^3275cm3 of mercury at 10.0C10.0{\degree} \mathrm{C}10.0C. The synapse more common in embryonic nervous tissue than in adults is the ________. b. increased heart rate. Some axon terminals contain more than one kind of neurotransmitter. ______________ are chemicals that promote the growth and development of neurons. d. support and brace neurons. which ofthe following is correct? c. medulla. a. improve working memory. (a) dendrites (b) cell body (c) myelin (d) axon terminal. However, the electrical impulse cannot pass directly from a nerve cell to the skeletal muscle cells to excite them. d. reticular activating system. Which of the following correctly describes a graded potential? What structural classification describes this neuron? B) analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions c. hippocampus. a. Schwann cells b. satellite cells c. microglia d. astrocytes e. oligodendrocytes f. ependymal cells. Myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the oligodendrocyte. d. M1 microglial cells. Image credit: iStockphoto. Which of the following portions of the neuron transmits neurotransmitters? What are the properties of myelinated axons which makes them ideal for long-distance motor control of skeletal muscle? Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system. What mechanism is responsible for axonal transport? a. astrocytes play a role in neurotransmission. 4. a. Dendrites and axon A drug that reduces the activity of the amygdala would likely: - Neurons have one or more long, slender projections called dendrites, which receive electrical impulses from other neurons. Select the correct statement regarding synapses. c. hindbrain. a. Mitochondria in a neuron would no longer function. True or False, Axon diameter and degree of myelination determine nerve impulse conduction velocity. A) peripheral and spinal nerves a. efferent neuron b. afferent neuron c. association neuron d. glial cell, Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? a. visual information. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE REGARDING UMNS ? 18. The all-or-none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place. What portion of the neuron receives signals from other neurons? Give a valid explanation of why this could occur.