I called AAA today, but it doesnt sound like they will pay to get it fixed. I think that my home- built 20 years ago- was built with polybutylene pipes and a plumber confirmed this. I fixed that but unbeknownst to me there was a 2nd pinhole leak in the tubing which has resulted in significant damage. These homes were built in 2002 in Hemet, California. For information on deleting the cookies, please consult your browsers help function. Recent Copper Pipe Settlement Action May Be of Interest to NAHB Members Legal Published Dec 07, 2020 NAHB members may be entitled to a cash distribution from the settlement of a class-action lawsuit, Al's Discount Plumbing, et al. My question is why would they replace piping with polyburling? Rejuvenate Mop Review Non disclosure my ass. Yes, you need to talk to an attorney to discover what your options are. Unfortunately, Im not sure about that, Stephen. Arlo Camera Review Shark ION R85 Review (RV850) Thank you ! And perhaps a laboratory water quality test. Electrolux Ergorapido Vacuum Review Can we apply for compensation for Charlotte ABS pipe failure? Not only did people have to pay hundreds or thousands of dollars to have their pipes replaced, but many were also left with extensive water damage, structural deficiencies, electrical problems and black mould. You could try your home owners insurance. Animal, Roborock S7 vs. S6 MaxV vs. S6 Pure vs. S6 vs. S5 Max, How to Smoke in Your Room Without Smelling It, What polybutylene pipes are and why it matters, Take Another Look at Polybutylene Plumbing, Failure Mechanisms and Lifetime Prediction Methodology for Polybutylene Pipe in Water Distribution System, Crack Initiation in Engineering Thermoplastics Resulting from Chemical Degradation, any homeowner with Poly-B pipe and acetal fittings were eligible, Hurt vs. I'm wondering of anyone out there has had issues with PDM US Gelcopper line sets manufactured around 2014. In 2011, courts in Quebec, Ontario, and the US approved a settlement agreement in a class action lawsuit, and homeowners who suffered Kitec plumbing leaks could receive a share of the $125 million USD settlement. Thats a question for either the manufacturer, plumber, or perhaps a general contractor. I immediately called a plumber, who identified the problem. Shark Vertex Cordless DuoClean Review My house was built in 1985. Insurance companies often wrongfully deny or underpay claims, blaming the damage caused by the cast iron pipes on common "wear and tear.". Understand your not please.an attorney so what do you suggest. Our services include consultation on the scope . Help, what can we do now? Roomba 690 Review Thanks. As stated above, polybutylene pipes are flexible, plastic resin pipes that could have been used on the interior or exterior of the home. Whos with me on this.. Dunbar Plumbing Master Plumber Messages 2,922 Reaction score 10 Points 0 Location The settlement website relates to the new proposed class action settlement. Unfortunately, we are not lawyers and cannot provide legal advice. You can change these settings at any time. Box 43206, Providence, RI 02940-3206. Plumbing problems can quickly balloon costs out of control. Defective copper pipe class action suit. According to a statement released by the Center, We have some of this Chinese made copper pipe, its too light to be copper, or 100% copper, we are not sure what it is. Defective copper pipe class action suit. we found poly butylene piping in our home that was built in 1996. CPVC is a chlorinated material and therefore inherently immune to chlorine-induced degradation. your claim status, claim form or questions about when payments are Two Orange County attorneys announced Thursday that they have filed a class-action lawsuit accusing builders in San Clemente's 3,800-home Talega community of using copper pipe that is prone t Signs that your pipes may be defective include leaking, cracking, or a sudden decrease in water pressure. Eric Misch: "When you start seeing these kinds of patterns,. Lack of copper in the diet will cause your hair to turn gray / white. Hoover PortaPower Vacuum Review Keep me posted. Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a605d5c6a44a512d3827ab4917116799" );document.getElementById("f3113c422e").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Is there any recourse for paying to have polybutylene pipes replaced? Therefore, I started researching about it and I found the law suit and others complaining about the system. Shell Oil Co. was filed in Arkansas, specifically excluding parties from the first lawsuit. Hoover Windtunnel T-Series Review Though not banned, polybutylene pipes are no longer sold in the United States market. My homeowners insurance will be canceled if these are polybutylene and not replaced. Dirt Devil Versa Steam Mop Review James, This is really a question for a local plumber. Roomba i6+ Review If damage has been caused by leaking pipes, stop all work and make sure all materials are saved and not discarded. status of any class action settlement claim. Unfortunately, Im not sure. Most likely you have very little recourse at this stage. Defective copper pipe class action suit. All Rights Reserved. IPEX Inc., which has offices in Toronto and Verdun, Que., refused to comment on the allegations about the company's products or the lawsuit when contacted by CBC News. They offer advice on how to navigate through the problem to get it resolved. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Thank you, in advance, for your time and effort in addressing this issue for us. He has been featured in Fast Company, Reader's Digest, Business Insider, Realtor.com, She Knows, and other major publications. Under Cox, you must have a leak in your pipes to qualify . The tubing is grey with no markings. We are aware of K,L & M copper plumbing type grades, and the copper Chinese pipe we now have was none of the above We now fear Chinese made copper residential plumbing pipe is going to become one more really big mess for US homeowners.. may i speak with someone about my gray pipes in my mobile home. Last year, an Orange County judge tossed out a class-action lawsuit against local water districts over chemicals that allegedly corrode copper pipes. ATM thieves use glue and 'tap' function to drain accounts at Chase, Alpine Village in Torrance closes after more than five decades, Gas prices rise for 31st consecutive day in LA County. Durapex was bought out by the Nibco INC. of Elkhart Indiana. My Blog defective copper pipe class action suit Reolink Argus 2E Review We purchased it in December 1995 and there was no mention of Quest pipe nor did we inquire about it as we were not aware of the situation with said pipe. Sorry . . defective copper pipe class action suit5 importance of transportation in nigeria. The plaintiff, Spencer, alleged that the defendants were negligent and/or fraudulent in the production and sale of the piping. The, Social Security Disability application & appeal claim review, Abbott baby formula recall lawsuit investigation, Essential: Remember your cookie permission setting, Essential: Gather information you input into a contact forms, newsletter and other forms across all pages, Essential: Keep track of what you input in a shopping cart, Essential: Authenticate that you are logged into your user account, Essential: Remember language version you selected, Functionality: Remember social media settings, Functionality: Remember selected region and country, Analytics: Keep track of your visited pages and interaction taken, Analytics: Keep track about your location and region based on your IP number, Analytics: Keep track of the time spent on each page, Analytics: Increase the data quality of the statistics functions, Advertising: Tailor information and advertising to your interests based on e.g. The judge ruled water companies can't be sued because they're following state and federal standards for safe drinking water. We have insurage that covers street to house water and sewer, but they usually dont pay out until it leaks. Youd need to reach out to a lawyer for that. eegyvudluk pootoogook / stacey and dave forsey net worth / defective copper pipe class action suit. These pipes are destined to fail. One of the problems they have been investigating is with copper plumbing pipes imported from China since 2004. & Dismemberment Bad Faith Claims Blasting Damage Claims Business Interruption Claim Business Property Losses Cast Iron Pipes Fire Claims Hail Damage Homeowners Hurricane & Storm Damage Life . Disclosures from the previous homeowner or realtor are not required when it comes to polybutylene pipes. We just had a water heater replaced and the plumber noticed the water intake from the city outside that comes into the basement in the utility room is blue which I suspect is the pipe material of this article refers. The Construction Defect Center believes that this type of leaking is now a nationwide problem, and is openly warning home builders, and building supply houses to avoid using these products.While it may be too late for many of you, we are saying buying Chinese building products is not worth the hassle, if the product does not meet US building codes. Dyson V6 Trigger Review Best Robot Vacuum for Hardwood Floors With the combination of increasing fuel costs that make importing material China less profitable and the increasing reports of the less-than-perfect quality of Chinese-made products, we believe that the resurgence of US manufacturing is rapidly becoming a viable possibility. The lawsuit, Cox vs. Ecovacs Deebot N8+ Pro Review Beyond that, you would likely need to file a law suit. Airocide Review: Does it actually work? Arlo Q Review A polybutylene pipe class action lawsuit is the result of a . Feb 15, 2009 (Edited) PEX PIPE FAILURE. That means that your house was repiped already. The parties have reached an agreement on a new proposed settlement. drug injury lawsuits and product liability lawsuits. Tesvor S6 Review Wyze Robot Vacuum Review, 7 Best Car Vacuum Cleaners I have polybutylene tubing in an in-floor radiant heating system. Derek has a Bachelor's Degree in Business Administration from Kansas State University. I would suggest reaching out to a local lawyer. If the tenant has no idea until more than one major water leak happens, then who shares the responsibility of this? Insurance does not cover the cost of repair/replacement. Thank you for your time. Another lawsuit was filed in 2017 for newly affected homeowners, but the case was closed without a settlement. You can also contact the settlement administrator or class counsel with any questions. "He said he had to take a part of it back to his company to get it tested but indicated that if it was his pipe, basically he would have it replaced," Cappellino said. It was a cheaper alternative to copper, which was popular in the 1970s and 1980s. Under Cox you must have a leak in. Puripot airFrame F1+ Review Rubbermaid Ratchet Twist Mop Review Onson EV696 Review All Rights Reserved. O-Cedar EasyWring Spin Mop Review These suits provide redress to homeowners who suffer the consequences of plumbing materials that have spontaneously failed due a defect in design or materials. Viega is denying all claims and allegations any maintaining that Viega Brass Fittings are not defective. Wink Hub Review By clicking Accept you consent to NAHBs use of cookies in accordance with its Privacy Policy. Larrys country diner sponsors return to work programs for moms 2021. Jimmy JV51 Review An evaporator coil is a part of an air conditioning system or heat pump system. HOBOT 188 vs. 198 vs. 268 vs. 288 According to Kyle Fowler, co-owner of Fowler Plumbing in Windsor, if you built or remodelled your home in the last decade or so, it's likely Kitec pipes were used. For claims accruing on or after July 10, 2014, the deadline to file a claim is within 180 days of accrual. We have had five leaks in a hot water pipe, and finally replaced all pipes in the home. Id like to enter the class action lawsuit against Quest Piping. P.O. This is making me nervous to buy the property or walk away from the deal. File A Claim. That really is a question for a lawyer. Im at the point of a class action lawsuit, because Im now having to spend money that I now unfortunately did not expect to spend. We really appreciate the share. Ring Stick Up Cam Battery Review Chinese-made imported copper plumbing pipes were widely used during the US housing boom that took place from 2004 to 2007. Hoover Sprint QuickVac Review iLife vs. Roomba I have had 3, now possibly 4 jobs where the line set itself started leaking. Good luck! Talk to an inspector about pinhole leaks, especially if you live in an affected area. Some believe the issue a few homes have experienced are due to chemicals added to the water by the water districts", said PulteGroup spokesperson Jacque Petroulakis in a statement. Johnson Controls Inc. denies the allegations but agreed to settle the class action lawsuit in order to avoid the expense and uncertainty of trial. Best TVs Under $300 My plumber wants to repipe my entire home because of what he says are polybutylene pipes. now and not a single drop of water from where its NOT supposed to come from, knock on wood, Is this simply luck, copper fittings, well water supply, or all the forementioned? Del Rivero said his repairs - including a pipe coating to prevent his insurance from being cancelled - adds up to more than $40,000. The piping leaks. I have Viega pex fittings failing all over with ceilings caving in due to water damage. When it comes to the plumbing system for the home, all might look well and fine. 2023 Silver Poodle, LLC. If you are looking to purchase a home, look out for the signs of polybutylene piping as inspectors and realtors may not be required to disclose. Roomba 870 Review The average life expectancy of CPVC pipes is typically 40 to 50 years - but attorneys are now looking into whether the FlowGuard Gold CPVC pipes are failing much sooner, possibly within a decade. Hurt vs. Advice to potential homebuyers? The judge ruled water companies can't. The FAQs do a good job of explaining what the settlement includes. Its the well water. I have had 4 leaks so far and Im looking for any type of lawsuits or anything to help with cost of repairs. Black & Decker Pivot Handheld Review House closed May 2020. Last fall, the Cappellinos came home to a flood in their basement. In 2018, NIBCO agreed to a $43.5 million settlement to a suit based on material defects in its PEX piping and fittings. Costs to replace a polybutylene plumbing system varies. CBC's Journalistic Standards and Practices. Construction Plumbing Defect Expertise. The colors are noticeably brighter than PB and the tubes are much more flexible and able to coil. If a house is fitted with PB pipes, an inspector can do a thorough inspection and visually, the pipes could pass. Im gonna have to switch everything over to PEX. The parties have reached an agreement on a new proposed settlement. Kilne Knife Review The Canadian statement of claim alleged the fittings were faulty causing pipes to disintegrate. This really is a question for your lawyer. Arlo Pro 3 Floodlight Review A type of plumbing sold between 1995 and 2007 may be a flood waiting to happen in your home, but the good news is the Kitec products are the subject of a class-action lawsuit that has been settled . The first time we spent hours trying to find a leak until we isolated every component and tested them individually. The, Vanguard Piping, Viega Brass Fittings Class Action Settlement, UPDATE: According to an update on the Vanguard pipe fitting settlement website, the plaintiffs withdrew their request for final approval of the class action settlement to allow the parties to address some questions raised in a hearing held on Dec. 2, 2013. Thank you. Bissell Hard Floor Expert Review This is because this case involves a manufacturer of pipes, not a retailer. The rest of our plumbing is copper or PVC drain or cast iron drainage. morgan stanley global brands uk; cambria county commissioners; woodstock ny fireworks 2021 . Call your homeowners insurance company to file a claim for any damage. 12 Best Small Vacuums Neato vs. Roomba Thank you in advance. As co-lead counsel Brian Kabateck assisted 600 Ladera Ranch homeowners in settling class action cases with two homebuilders for a total of 8 million. That would the next step I would take. Who can help me. How Could a Class Action Help? UPDATE 1:According to an update on the Vanguard pipe fitting settlement website, the plaintiffs withdrew their request for final approval of the class action settlement to allow the parties to address some questions raised ina hearing held on Dec. 2, 2013. Count your blessings. All rights reserved. The pipes were sold from 1995 to 2007, and potential claims have been filed by residents of Alberta, B.C., Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritimes, according to Dave Robins, the lawyer representing Canadians in the class action lawsuit. Dyson Hair Dryer Reviews Last year, an Orange County judge tossed out a class-action lawsuit against local water districts over chemicals that allegedly corrode copper pipes. We filed a class action lawsuit in federal court in Ohio and are interested in hearing from people like you to gather more information about FlowGuard Gold plumbing system problems. Many . Does it have to be by state? "Because we didn't know. Whats worse, there could be microscopic leaks or tears inside the flexible polybutylene pipes, which could burst or leak at any time. Medify MA-50 Review [Air Quality Tests] If out of health concerns will insurance on my home pay for replacement of polybutylene pipes, Very unlikely. Eufy BoostIQ RoboVac 11S Review What a mess. Verdejo v. Vanguard Piping Systems Claims Administrator March 8, 2022 I awoke to a pool of water in both my laundry room and garage, from a leak in my attic. AZ code is 12 to lay this pipe.my dog was 14. I am not qualified to say. Evapolar evaCHILL Roborock S4 Max Review If you during the time period from January 1 2008 to November 22 2016 purchased an uncoated York Fraser-Johnston Luxaire Coleman Evcon Guardian . Recently the waterline providing water for the ice maker and water dispenser sprung a leak where the 1/4 tubing connected to the shutoff valve. This comment is not legal advice. Doubtful, but thats really more of a question for a qualified lawyer. Arlo Pro 2 Camera Review Best Cheap Robot Vacuum Whether you need to repair a small section or replace an entire line we can provide the materials and service needed to get the job done right. Together JCI in a class action lawsuit in which the Plaintiffs allege that JCI manufactured and sold defective. The Vanguard pipe fitting settlement will resolve a class action lawsuit (Verdejo v. Vanguard Piping Systems) that alleges the plaintiffs suffered injuries and damages arising out of defects in certain plumbing system fittings or other components and sub-components made from UNS C36000, UNS C37700, UNS C36500 brass, or similar copper alloys with a zinc content of 15+% manufactured and/or distributed by the defendants. Our Vanguard system has to be replaced. Bagotte BG700 Review "The chloramine and the sulfites in the water interact with the pipe, and they cause pitting," said Bridgford. I am facing the same problem. coppell city council members. my home along with the 10 other homes on this court, were built between 1989 to 1991. Rubbermaid Reveal Spray Mop Review Still go mobile home and still repairing grey pipe. The lawsuit, Cox vs. "Everything was wet", recalled Del Rivero. Dyson V6 vs. V8 Once you find the home and have a contract accepted, an inspector is called out to assess the homes condition (depending on contract and financing terms). The parties have agreed to the settlement to avoid the expense, inconvenience and distraction of further protracted litigation and to fully resolve this matter.". Roomba 675 vs. i3 vs. i3+ Dreame T20 Review The plumber is proposing to cut out 12 inch polybutylene and replace with new pex pipe. If copper piping is used, then the cost could be higher, as much as $15,000 or more. Roomba 860 vs. 890 Hobot 298 Review "You could touch the ceiling and your fingers could go through the ceiling," he said about the water damage. Double wide was setup around 1975. The plaintiffs in this lawsuit allege that JCI manufactures and sells air conditioning systems and heat pump systems including air handlers and packaged HVAC. As stated above, a leak can happen at any time and without warning. A statement issued jointly by the lawyers of the Canadian and American plaintiffs said: "IPEX denies these allegations and asserts that the Kitec system is not defective and that the vast majority of the systems will last throughout the warranty period [30 years]. Some PEX pipe manufacturers use cost-cutting processes which lead to pipes that aren't uniform in composition and are defective. Learn more, Home How to Identify Polybutylene Pipes, Lawsuits, & Replacement. : 1:19-cv-00159, which was recently brought to the Federation's attention. The fittings include Viega Brass Fittings and Vanguard PEX plumbing system fittings, sometimes referred to as Vanguard F1807 fittings and Vanguard yellow brass fittings. Chlorinated municipal water supplies are the quickest way to degrade the PB piping. I live in a 55+ and all the homes are the same. Class-action lawsuits can mean big money in the 1990s a class-action lawsuit involving polybutylene plumbing systems was settled by Shell Oil for more than $1 billion marking one of the largest building product defect settlements in history. If so, how can I verify this? that reports on class action lawsuits, class action settlements, The plumber then showed me a piece of the pipe, told me it was outlawed in the 90s. Meross Smart Plug Review The original piping of the house would be under the foundation. When search suggestions are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Specifically a kind of corrosion called. Unfortunately, the large quantities of money involved in these lawsuits can encourage law firms seeking a cut of these settlements to run advertisements to attract clients for potential suits that dont exist. Unfortunately, both settlements have long since expired and affected homeowners are no longer eligible to claim damages or loss. Please see what other class action settlements you might qualify If your home owners insurance wont cover it you are probably out of luck. Los Angeles. Anyone have anything they can share around this? Mc Nelly Torres can be reached at mctorres@SunSentinel.com or 954 . Google Nest Indoor Camera Review Roomba 614 vs. 690 If the home you are living in or looking to purchase has polybutylene pipes, its recommended that the entire plumbing system be replaced immediately. Bissell Pet Hair Eraser Cordless Handheld Review Check out post #40, and the last post that was drudged up by a victim of this piping system. The interior of the pipe shrinks, causing stress on the exterior and creating small leaks that get weaker over time. There are no known water conditions that can cause CPVC to spontaneously fail. Shell Oil Co. Just 30 minutes of their time should be enough to give you an idea of what you can do. I was advised to participate in the class action lawsuit due to the piping throughout the house needs to be replaced before the issue evolves into a bigger issue. But my main question is- can this be harmful to people and or long time issues? 1/6/2015 for claims accruing prior to July 10, 2014. In general, the common denominator - in these lawsuits - are defective plumbing pipes made in China. Libman Tornado Mop Review What is a HEPA Filter? Ultimately, it springs a leak, a pinhole leak," said attorney Michael Artinian, who works with Bridgford, as he held up a piece of copper pipe with a leak the size of a pinhole. But for a while now, been noticing some black residue getting in screen of bathroom sink. Copyright 2023 KABC Television, LLC. Aeris Air Purifier Review Amazon Echo Plus Review Defective Copper Pipe Class Action Lawsuit There have been multiple national and state specific lawsuits. The class action lawsuit also claims that according to the warranty for pipe fittings the Zurn should also pay for repair cost to the class members. Roomba S9+ vs. S9 vs. i7+ vs. i7 vs. e5 Who can I contact about the issue of my water pipes? Polybutylene Pipe Lawsuit. Specifically, Viega will pay claimants for (1) the reasonably proven incurred or anticipated costs associated with repairs due to the eligible Failure, (2) the reasonably proven material and proven incurred or anticipated labor costs to repair or replace damage to real property in which the failed Viega Brass Fitting was installed, (3) the reasonably proven incurred or anticipated costs to repair or replace other property damaged by the eligible Failure, and (4) reasonably proven incurred or anticipated costs related to temporary housing caused by the eligible Failure. The group says, Potentially defective Chinese made copper plumbing pipe is just one more reason the US has to start making things again. Pulte said it inspected Del Rivero's home last year and "it offered to replace all pipes or reimburse the family for repair costs. Our home was built in 1988. A few years later, copper fittings were being used to attach polybutylene pipes in the plumbing system. APOSEN H21 Review Black & Decker Handheld Review Experts also say to take a close look at all homeowners' insurance policies to make sure pinhole leaks are covered. Class Members of the Vanguard/Viega class action settlement will include all persons that own or have owned buildings, homes, residences or any other structures located in the United States that contain or have contained Viega Brass Fittings. Tineco Pure ONE S12 Review SmartMi P1 Review My name is Sharon and Ive had 2 bad leakes in the attic. Can money to change out pipe still be gotten? Usually you can get a free consult with them to at least see if you have a valid claim to go after. While the cost may be expensive to some for pipe replacement, it can be much more costly if damages are incurred. eLuxurySupply Towel Reviews Kitec was sold under various brand names, including Kitec, PlumbBetter, IPEX, AQUA, WARMRITE, Kitec XPA, AmbioComfort, XPA, KERR Controls and Plomberie Amelioree. the content you have visited before, Advertising: Gather personally identifiable information such as name and location, Advertising: Use information for tailored advertising with third parties, Advertising: Allow you to connect to social sites, Advertising: Identify device you are using. The Construction Defect Center is openly saying, "We have some of this Chinese made copper pipe, its too light to be copper, or 100% copper, we are not sure what it is. in North Carolina if I have a home that has polybutylene pipe for plumbing can I still have that replaced under the factory defect lawsuit? Dreame D9 Review Manufacturer Approved Installation Instructions. The class action lawsuit alleged that the copper coils are made using uncoated copper tubing and are susceptible to corrosion. First step is just contacting a plumber to verify the types of pipes you have. I was told about the class action law suit in Port St Lucie Florida, can I still get in touch with that law office to help me fix my pipes please email me any information you have about this in Florida email [emailprotected], I purchased my manufactured house used in 2001, its a Champion was told top of the line, I was young and got it cheap enough. Reolink Argus PT Review Nash CoolSmart Smart Fan Review Verdejo v. Vanguard Piping Systems Inc., et al., Case No. GermGuardian AC4825 Review Unfortunately, those types of questions are beyond our knowledge. Probably worth getting a plumber to come out an take a look. A settlement agreement was reached Tuesday. Modern Castle is supported by readers. If you have polybutylene piping in your attic. Any advice on how to start a class action lawsuit? I would like to know whatbyou find out. Hardwood vs. Wood-Look Tile None of the allegations against IPEX have been proven in court. About 6,000 homeowners in Ladera Ranch are suing 10 different construction companies for installing copper pipes that degraded or broke apart due to the communitys water conditions. All these folks have lived on this Cul-de-sac for over 20 years and the thought of not telling your neighbor makes me sick to my stomach. defective copper pipe class action suitanson county warrant list. I have gray pipes in my home I bought in 2003 didnt know about anything about this until my floors was falling apart and little pinholes started how can I get help. A federal court has preliminarily approved a class action lawsuit settlement between defendants Vanguard Piping Systems Inc., VG Pipe LLC, Viega LLC and plaintiffs led by Don and Noreen Verdejo over alleged defective plumbing fittings manufactured by the defendants. Dyson Pure Cool Cryptomic TP06 Review Expansion Fittings PROBLEMS If you think you have a legal claim you should reach out to a lawyer. Bobsweep vs. Roomba Comfyer Vapor Steam Mop Review According to the International Associated of Certified Home Inspectors PB pipes were manufactured from 1978 to 1995. https://www.nachi.org/pb.htm#:~:text=Polybutylene%20(PB)%20was%20a%20plastic,of%20installation%2C%20resistance%20to%20freezing.