nitric acid and potassium hydroxide exothermic or endothermic nitric acid and potassium hydroxide exothermic or endothermic

-Similarly Potassium Hydroxide is a strong base does the same. C 2 H 5 . Please help my confusion! Sam asks, Teacher, why did my flask turn cold after adding the salt to water, while Julies flask turned hot?, The teacher replies: Thats because you were given two different salts. Endothermic reactions include thermal decompositions and the reaction of citric acid and sodium hydrogencarbonate. [8][9], Nitric acid is normally considered to be a strong acid at ambient temperatures. when solutions of the following substances are mixed: a) nitric acid and potassium carbonate b) sodium bromide and lead nitrate c) College Chemistry. 2K (s) +2H 2 O (l) 2KOH (aq) +H 2 (g) Yields of up to approximately 45% nitric oxide were obtained at 3000C, and less at lower temperatures. However, when the separated ions become hydrated in the solution, an exothermic . [34][35], In the 17th century, Johann Rudolf Glauber devised a process to obtain nitric acid by distilling potassium nitrate with sulfuric acid. Direct link to PHILOSOPHERAMNA's post could this be explained i, Posted 2 years ago. Step-1:write the reaction. Quite happy to stand corrected! The experiment can be carried out individually by students, but the potassium chromate(VI) solution used should be prepared beforehand by the teacher or technician, given the hazards presented by the solid. Magnesium ribbon, Mg(s) see CLEAPSSHazcard HC059a. Citric acid, HOOCCH2C(OH)(COOH)CH2COOH(s),(IRRITANT) see CLEAPSSHazcard HC036c. [2] b) To determine the heat of neutralisation, Chelsea placed 50 cm 3 of sodium hydroxide solution of concentration 1.0 mol dm-3 in a polystyrene cup . Another early production method was invented by French engineer Albert Nodon around 1913. While the pure acid tends to give off white fumes when exposed to air, acid with dissolved nitrogen dioxide gives off reddish-brown vapors, leading to the common names "red fuming nitric acid" and "white fuming nitric acid". Consider the reaction mixturesalt plus wateras the, In Sams case, when ammonium nitrate was dissolved in water, the. The dilute nitric acid and the potassium hydroxide solution were both at room temperature. Samir the diagram says the heat is absorbed. An endothermic reaction is one that takes in energy from the surroundings so the temperature of the surroundings decreases. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Students may be asked if this is a redox reaction. 3H2O. We can define activation energy as the minimum amount of energy required to initiate a reaction, and it is denoted by, An energy diagram can be defined as a diagram showing the relative potential energies of reactants, transition states, and products as a reaction progresses with time. hb```el 'rk20}7pu%# V$a0MgR#K'5aj>KzWkw@+WoX%Q@5bs(]T5::-CGc i aPJU1d )N*Pe`}HK6,}p~ex$ !_quT>C7 'PE, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, "wfna" redirects here. A bag of concentrated sodium acetate solution can be carried until heat is needed, at which time vigorous agitation induces crystallization and heat is released. In elemental analysis by ICP-MS, ICP-AES, GFAA, and Flame AA, dilute nitric acid (0.55.0%) is used as a matrix compound for determining metal traces in solutions. Street Fighter: Duel Artwork, How would a low concentrated acetic acid react with highly concentrated KOH solution of equal volume? The major hazard posed by it is chemical burns, as it carries out acid hydrolysis with proteins (amide) and fats (ester), which consequently decomposes living tissue (e.g. Metal Hydroxide + Acid = Salt +Water. Observe chemical changes in this microscale experiment with a spooky twist. The color produced is a grey-gold very much like very old wax- or oil-finished wood (wood finishing). The process occurring involves the equilibrium between chromate(VI), dichromate(VI) and hydrogen ions: 2CrO42(aq) (yellow) + 2H+(aq) Cr2O72(aq) (orange) + H2O(l). Due to the dissolved nitrogen dioxide, the density of red fuming nitric acid is lower at 1.490g/cm3. Done on a Dell Dimension laptop computer with a Wacom digital tablet (Bamboo). The solutions could be provided in small (100 cm3) labelled conical flasks or beakers. [26], Commercially available aqueous blends of 530% nitric acid and 1540% phosphoric acid are commonly used for cleaning food and dairy equipment primarily to remove precipitated calcium and magnesium compounds (either deposited from the process stream or resulting from the use of hard water during production and cleaning). The first towers bubbled the nitrogen dioxide through water and non-reactive quartz fragments. Next is sodium nitrate. i think the video explanation would be better. Image titled chemistry lab: experiments are fun. Based on the above definition, let's pick a few examples from our daily lives and categorize them as endothermic or exothermic. Dilute nitric acid behaves as a typical acid in its reaction with most metals. I am so confused because this article is not explained well and I have no idea what is going on. Direct link to mfishercnm's post In the section entitled, , Posted 5 years ago. This method of production is still in use today. Students could investigate a variety of exothermic and endothermic reactions, including the exothermic reactions between hydrochloric acid and magnesium, nitric acid and sodium hydroxide, and . what happens if you refrigerate a refrigerator. The standard first-aid treatment for acid spills on the skin is, as for other corrosive agents, irrigation with large quantities of water. This works very well as a class experiment with students working in small groups of two or three. Otherwise it could be carried out as a teacher demonstration. The teacher may prefer to keep the magnesium ribbon under their immediate control and to dispense on an individual basis. Direct link to barnaby.vonrudal's post I'm not sure the changing, Posted 3 years ago. potassium hydroxide and nitric acid balanced equation #shorts #shortsvideo Akhlesh the chemistry HUB 1.35K subscribers Subscribe Like 6 views 9 minutes ago potassium hydroxide and. What is the reaction between hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide? In this process, anhydrous ammonia is oxidized to nitric oxide, in the presence of platinum or rhodium gauze catalyst at a high temperature of about 500K (227C; 440F) and a pressure of 9 standard atmospheres (910kPa). Because the sodium acetate is in solution, you can see the metal disc inside the pack. Figure 9.5.1 An Instant Hot Pack Based on the Crystallization of Sodium Acetate The hot pack is at room temperature prior to agitation (left). Fresh water was pumped into the top through another earthenware pipe to replace the fluid removed. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Once the Haber process for the efficient production of ammonia was introduced in 1913, nitric acid production from ammonia using the Ostwald process overtook production from the BirkelandEyde process. Sodium hydroxide, NaOH(aq),(IRRITANT) see CLEAPSSHazcard HC091a and CLEAPSSRecipe Book RB085. A safer reaction involves a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acid. Two other kinds of changes that are accompanied by changes in enthalpy are the dissolution of solids and the dilution of concentrated solutions. If a saturated solution of sodium nitrate, NaNO 3, is prepared, the following equilibrium exists: NaNO 3 (s) Na +(aq) + NO 3-(aq) a) If nitric acid is added to the saturated solution, what will happen to the C6.3.1 recall that some reactions may be reversed by altering the reaction conditions including: reversible reactions are shown by the symbol ; reversible reactions (in closed systems) do not reach 100% yield, C6.3.1 recall that some reactions may be reversed by altering the reaction conditions including: reversible reactions are shown by the symbol ; reversible reactions (in closed systems) do not reach 100% yield, C5 Monitoring and controlling chemical reactions, C5.2a recall that some reactions may be reversed by altering the reaction conditions, C5.3a recall that some reactions may be reversed by altering the reaction conditions. Discard the mixture (in the sink with plenty of water). 3. [18], The main industrial use of nitric acid is for the production of fertilizers. Copper and Nitric Acid Reaction | Cu + HNO3. The endothermic separation of the ions will dictate the overall reaction, since the exothermic hydration of the ions will gfive off less energy. The anhydrous salt can be regenerated by heating in a hot oven. The same thing happens when ammonium chloride is dissolved in water. 4.5.1.1 Energy transfer during exothermic and endothermic reactions. Two of the NO bonds (two NO bonds with terminal O atoms) are equivalent and relatively short. The phosphoric acid content helps to passivate ferrous alloys against corrosion by the dilute nitric acid. This is endothermic and it takes energy to break the bonds. Excited but a bit confused, Sam and Julie run to their chemistry teacher. Click to see full answer Similarly one may ask, is the dissolving of ammonium chloride exothermic or endothermic? Among widely recognizable exothermic reactions is the combustion of fuels (such as the reaction of methane with oxygen mentioned previously). Now add about 10 cm 3 of sodium hydroxide solution and shake the mixture. Stir and record the temperature after it has dissolved. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. I read somewhere that for example the neutralisation reaction between sodium hydroxide and acetic acid is less exothermic than those of sodium hydroxide with hydrochloric and nitric acid because some energy is needed to cause the weak acid (acetic acid) to completely ionise. Distinguish between endothermic and exothermic reactions on the basis of the temperature change of the surroundings. [23], The corrosive effects of nitric acid are exploited for some specialty applications, such as etching in printmaking, pickling stainless steel or cleaning silicon wafers in electronics.[24]. However, in Reaction 3 since the heat was added to the reaction . Nitric acid (HNO3) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) combine in a neutralization reaction to form water and a salt. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. The two solids should be kept far apart at all times. I still don't understand why the fact that a weak acid does not ionise completely is an explanation as to why it is neutralised less exothermically. Is the reaction of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with nitric acid (HNO3) an exothermic or endothermic reaction? Students measure the temperature changes in different reactions taking place in a polystyrene cup, classifying the reactions as exothermic or endothermic. The activity is designed to accompany the experiments that use polystyrene cups. To a large extent, this page simply brings together information from a number of other pages . previous next Examples of endothermic processes include the melting of ice and the depressurization of a pressurized can. Discover a wealth of optimised experiments and demonstrations for your classroom. endstream endobj 557 0 obj <>/Metadata 58 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 552 0 R/StructTreeRoot 77 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 558 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/Pattern<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 559 0 obj <>stream The full equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution is: (1) N a O H ( a q) + H C l ( a q) N a C l ( a q) + H 2 O ( l) but what is actually happening is: (2) O H ( a q) + H + ( a q) H 2 O ( l) Step 5 Repeat steps 3 and 4 until 40 cm 3 of potassium hydroxide solution have been added. Step 4 Use a thermometer to measure the highest temperature of the mixture. The balanced chemical equation representing the neutralization of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide is: HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) + heat. Procedure. [19], Nitric acid has been used in various forms as the oxidizer in liquid-fueled rockets. Correct me if I'm wrong please, but I'd say that most neutralisations simply involve the reaction between a hydronium ion and a hydroxide ion to form two water molecules which is an exothermic process. Work out the temperature change and decide if the reaction is exothermic or endothermic. . The experiment is most appropriate with A-level students, given the potential hazards with solutions containing chromate(VI) and dichromate(VI) ions. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Nitric acid is neutralized with ammonia to give ammonium nitrate. For example, one source which gives the enthalpy change of neutralisation of sodium hydroxide solution with HCl as -57.9 kJ mol -1 , gives a value of -56.1 kJ mol -1 for sodium . Word equation: Nitric acid + Potassium hydroxide Potassium nitrate + water . This website uses cookies and similar technologies to deliver its services, to analyse and improve performance and to provide personalised content and advertising. Lets draw an energy diagram for the following reaction: Activation energy graph for CO (g) + NO2 (g) ---> CO2 (g) + NO (g), The activation energy is the difference in the energy between the transition state and the reactants. In endothermic reactions the surroundings lose energy, which is gained by the chemicals themselves. Nuffield Foundation and the Royal Society of Chemistry, Follow this guide to introduce and develop your students literacy skills in science. More recently, electrochemical means have been developed to produce anhydrous acid from concentrated nitric acid feedstock. In the first reaction, a water molecule reacts quickly to form the base potassium hydroxide (a colorless solution) and liberates hydrogen gas. 1. Water will cause an exothermic reaction with nitric acid, causing the evolution of large amounts of NO 2; however, high-pressure water fog will contain the fumes. But this reaction is different from typical metal - acid reaction because nitric acid is an oxidizing acid.. Cu + HNO 3 reacts in different ways and give different products. Work out the temperature change and decide if the reaction is exothermic or endothermic. Rinse out and dry the polystyrene cup. Magnesium powder, Mg(s),(HIGHLY FLAMMABLE) see CLEAPSSHazcard HC059b. Add nitric acid and silver nitrate solution. The reaction is endothermic. For the Gulf Shores television station, see, He goes on to point out that "nitrous air" is the reverse, or "nitric acid deprived of air and water. The teacher may prefer to keep the magnesium powder under their immediate control and to dispense on an individual basis. 4.5.1.1 Energy transfer during exothermic and endothermic reactions. The addition of hydroxide ions causes the concentration of hydrogen ions to decrease, and this brings the equilibrium back to the left-hand side, regenerating yellow chromate(VI) ions. This website uses cookies and similar technologies to deliver its services, to analyse and improve performance and to provide personalised content and advertising. Measure 20 cm 3 of hydrochloric acid into the polystyrene cup. Stated differently, less energy is released from making acetate ion from acetic acid than from making chloride ion from hydrochloric acid (or water from hydronium ion). The red fuming nitric acid obtained may be converted to the white nitric acid. Because of the mass of white sodium acetate that has crystallized, the metal disc is no longer visible. Watch what happens and feel the bottom of the tube. [22] Ultrapure trace metal grade acid is required for such determination, because small amounts of metal ions could affect the result of the analysis. The resulting nitrates are converted to various complexes that can be reacted and extracted selectively in order to separate the metals from each other. Recall that some reactions may be reversed by altering the reaction conditions. For reactions involving acetic acid or ammonia, the measured enthalpy change of neutralization is a few kJ less exothermic than with strong acids and bases. Alternatively, if the last step is carried out in air: The aqueous HNO3 obtained can be concentrated by distillation up to about 68% by mass. Discard the mixture (in the sink with plenty of water). Magnesium, manganese, and zinc liberate H2: Nitric acid can oxidize non-active metals such as copper and silver. Access to the following solutions (all at approx 0.4 M concentration): The reactions and types of reaction involved are: Try this student activity ontemperature changes in exothermic and endothermic reactions,featuring teacher notes and a downloadable worksheet. Students are also shown a teacher demonstration, which illustrates an endothermic dissolving process with ammonium nitrate crystals. Upon adding a base such as ammonia, the color turns orange. Information about your use of this website will be shared with Google and other third parties. What conclusion can be made from this observation? 5. For 1416 year old students, the additionalclass practical and teacher demonstrationfeatured at the bottom of this page provides a further opportunity topractise classifying reactions as exothermic or endothermic, using test tubes instead of polystyrene cups. Potassium Nitrate is formed More answers below Hans Kok Dean (2015-present) Author has 276 answers and 246.7K answer views 5 y HNO3 +K OH- => NO3- + H2O + K+ Or when dissolved in water: H+ + NO3- + K+ + OH- => K+ + NO3- + H2O You see that in water the NO3- and K+ ions actually don't participate in the reaction Fay Sedore [33] Descriptions of nitric acid are also found in works falsely attributed to Albert the Great and Ramon Lull, who prepared it by distilling a mixture containing niter and green vitriol and called it "eau forte" (aqua fortis). Add 1 small (not heaped) spatula measure of magnesium powder. Looking at the chemical reaction, its clear that one mole of. Question: 2. Use this practical to investigate how solutions of the halogens inhibit the growth of bacteria and which is most effective, The physics of restoration and conservation, RSC Yusuf Hamied Inspirational Science Programme, How to prepare for the Chemistry Olympiad. Since theses are dilute solutions and are mostly water, assume that the densities of the solutions and the specific heat capacities of the solutions are approximately 1.0 g/ml and 4. . 1300). The addition of acid encourages the equilibrium towards the right, producing more orange-coloured dichromate(VI) ions. With these non-active or less electropositive metals the products depend on temperature and the acid concentration. Energy - Exothermic and Endothermic.. What do Exothermic and Endothermic mean?. Solved Sample Problem: The neutralization of a solution of Professional Development Workshops For Interns. 5.6 The rate and extent of chemical change, 5.6.2 Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibruim, Topic 4 - Extracting metals and equilibria, 4.13 Recall that chemical reactions are reversible, the use of the symbol in equations and that the direction of some reversible reactions can be altered by changing the reaction conditions. Image of a graph showing potential energy in relation to the process of a chemical reaction. . Such reactions are called reversible reactions and are represented: A + B C + D. 4.7.4 The rate and extent of chemical change. Please be sure you are familiar with the topics discussed in Essential Skills 4 (Section 9.9) before proceeding to the Conceptual Problems.. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010. zinc + sulfuric acid zinc (II) sulfate + hydrogen 21 51 nitric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium nitrate + water 22 28 potassium hydrogen carbonate + hydrochloric acid Thermodynamic properties of substances The solubility of the substances Periodic table of elements. Physical Description. Nitric acid is made by reaction of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with water. Explain. Calculating probabilities from d6 dice pool (Degenesis rules for botches and triggers). The slideshow describes an exothermic reaction between dilute sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid and an endothermic reaction between sodium carbonate and ethanoic acid. Most commercially available nitric acid has a concentration of 68% in water. [17] Dissolved nitrogen oxides are either stripped in the case of white fuming nitric acid, or remain in solution to form red fuming nitric acid. The Hsoln values given previously and in Table 8.2.2 for example, were obtained by measuring the enthalpy changes at various concentrations and extrapolating the data to infinite dilution. The two solids should be kept far apart at all times. However, some less noble metals (Ag, Cu, ) present in some gold alloys relatively poor in gold such as colored gold can be easily oxidized and dissolved by nitric acid, leading to colour changes of the gold-alloy surface. Exposure to nitric acid can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and mucous membrane; it can also cause delayed pulmonary edema, pneumonitis, bronchitis, and dental erosion. Use a model, feedback, reapply loop to develop students practical skills, Practical experiment where learners produce gold coins by electroplating a copper coin with zinc, includes follow-up worksheet. HNO. It is recommended that ammonium nitrate is used only bypost-16 students, or by teachers as part of a demonstration. The dissolution of a solid can be described as follows: (9.5.1) s o l u t e ( s) + s o l v e n t ( l) s o u l u t i o n ( l) The values of Hsoln for some common substances are given in Table 9.5.1 . 2.8.1 demonstrate knowledge and understanding that chemical reactions in which heat is given out are exothermic and that reactions in which heat is taken in are endothermic; Use of: thermometer or sensor (temperature). [31] It has sometimes been claimed that nitric acid occurs in various earlier Arabic works such as the undq al-ikma ("Chest of Wisdom") attributed to Jabir ibn Hayyan or the Tawdh al-kim attributed to the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah,[32] but the conventional view is that nitric acid was first described in pseudo-Geber's De inventione veritatis ("On the Discovery of Truth", after c. Combination of chlorine trifluoride and fuming nitric acid, potassium carbonate, potassium iodide, silver nitrate, 10% sodium hydroxide or sulfuric acid results in a violent reaction. (a) Decomposition of ferrous sulphate (b) Dilution of sulphuric acid (c) Dissolution of sodium hydroxide in water (d) Dissolution of ammonium chloride in water. So, less hydronium ions, less combination of hydronium and hydroxide, and less energy released. The dilute nitric acid and the potassium hydroxide solution were both at room temperature. Nitric acid is subject to thermal or light decomposition and for this reason it was often stored in brown glass bottles: This reaction may give rise to some non-negligible variations in the vapor pressure above the liquid because the nitrogen oxides produced dissolve partly or completely in the acid. Give criteria in terms of temperature changes for exothermic and endothermic reactions. Endothermic reactions include thermal decompositions and the reaction of citric acid and sodium . Traditional French Cakes, Exothermic and endothermic reactions (and changes of state). 3. Put 10 drops of potassium chromate(VI) solution in a test tube. The length of time required for carrying out the actual reactions is around 30 minutes, but this will depend on the nature of the class and how the practical is organised. 605 0 obj <>stream The slideshow describes an exothermic reaction between dilute sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid and an endothermic reaction between sodium carbonate and ethanoic acid. Because Hsoln depends on the concentration of the solute, diluting a solution can produce a change in enthalpy. Nitric acid is a corrosive acid and a powerful oxidizing agent. Sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, NaHCO3(aq) see CLEAPSSHazcard HC095a and CLEAPSSRecipe Book RB084. If students are to experience endothermic dissolving, they can use KCl. Chemistry. South Korea Middle Class, One can calculate the. 556 0 obj <> endobj Energy is conserved in chemical reactions.. One way of stating the 'law of Conservation of Energy' is to say the amount of energy in the universe at the end of a chemical reaction is the same as before the reaction took place. vegan) just to try it, does this inconvenience the caterers and staff? The reaction going on in Julies flask can be represented as: CaCl2 (s) + 2(H2O) ---> Ca(OH)2 (aq) + 2 HCl (g) + heat. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. http://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry/Thermodynamics/State_Functions/Enthalpy/Standard_Enthalpy_Of_Formation. Practical Chemistry activities accompanyPractical PhysicsandPractical Biology. If you preorder a special airline meal (e.g. This is a useful class experiment to introduce energy changes in chemical reactions, suitable for 1114 and 1416 year olds. Small amounts of citric acid can be provided in plastic weighing boats or similar. endstream endobj startxref Workers may be harmed from . Fuming nitric acid is concentrated nitric acid that contains dissolved nitrogen dioxide.] The preparation and use of nitric acid were known to the early alchemists. Why does a frying pan absorb heat to cook an egg? Copyright 2020 TouchPoint all rights reserved. MathJax reference. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010. HNO 3 can behave as an oxidizing acid. Chemical reactions can result in a change in temperature. These salts can be used to purify gold and other metals beyond 99.9% purity by processes of recrystallization and selective precipitation. Careful consideration will need to be given as to the most appropriate way to dispense the required chemicals to the class. Direct link to Anjali Joseph's post idk i am assuming the fri, Posted 2 months ago. P magnesium + dilute hydrochloric acid Q zinc oxide + dilute sulfuric acid R sodium hydroxide + dilute hydrochloric acid S copper carbonate + dilute sulfuric acid Which statements about the products of the reactions are correct? An earthenware pot surrounded by limestone was sunk into the peat and staked with tarred lumber to make a compartment for the carbon anode around which the nitric acid is formed. Washing is continued for at least 1015 minutes to cool the tissue surrounding the acid burn and to prevent secondary damage. Why are trials on "Law & Order" in the New York Supreme Court? Put 10 drops of potassium chromate(VI) solution in a test tube. Some reactions give out heat and others take in heat. Balancing Strategies: This is a neutralization reaction with the nitric acid and potassium hydroxide combine to form a salt (KNO2) and water. Unit 1: THE LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY, STRUCTURE OF MATTER AND SIMPLE REACTIONS, 1.7 Simple equilibria and acid-base reactions, (a) reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium, Unit A2 2: Analytical, Transition Metals, Electrochemistry and Organic Nirtrogen Chemistry. Concentrated nitric acid stains human skin yellow due to its reaction with the keratin. It boils at 83C (181F). Small amounts ofmagnesium powdercan be provided in plastic weighing boats or similar. For example, one source which gives the enthalpy change of neutralization of sodium hydroxide solution with HCl as -57.9 kJ mol-1: Reaction Start temp ( C) End temp (C) Change in temp (C) Endo or exo? Endothermic & Exothermic DRAFT. This collection of over 200 practical activities demonstrates a wide range of chemical concepts and processes. Classify substances as elements, compounds, mixtures, metals, non-metals, solids, liquids, gases and solutions. So it must be an exothermic reaction then. Dilute sulfuric acid, H 2 SO 4 (aq), (IRRITANT) - see CLEAPSS Hazcard HC098a and CLEAPSS Recipe Book RB098. 9. This page titled Chapter 9.5: Enthalpies of Solution is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Anonymous.